4. AGROCHEMICALS
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF
Chemicals that are used to protect crops from pests and enhance crop yields.
An average of 35 % of potential crop yield is lost due to pests attck worldwide.
Agrochemicals include
Pesticides
Herbicides
Fungicides
Insecticides
Rodenticides
Figure 1,Sketched on MS word.
Insecticides
Herbicides
Rodentici
des
Fungicides
Pesticides
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5. INCREASING HUMAN POPULATION
At present human population is about seven
billion.
According to U.S census Bureau international data
base.
In 2050, the population is projected to increase by
30 % to about 9 billion.
Due to increasing global population demand for
food production is projected to increase by 70 %. Figure 2, Sourse U.S Census Bureau international data base
Sketched on Microsoft Excel.
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6. SULPHUR CONTAINING AGROCHEMICALS
Such agrochemicals that contain sulphur as
main ingredients.
Modern agricultural chemistry has to support
farmers by providing innovative agrochemicals.
The introduction of sulfur atoms into an active
ingredient is still an important tool in
modulating the properties of new crop
protection compounds(Pesticides).
Figure 3, sketched on Chemdraw.
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF
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7. EFFECT OF SULFUR-CONTAINING AGROCHEMICALS ON
GROWTH, YIELD, AND PROTEIN CONTENT OF SOYBEANS
Soybean is the leading crop among grain legumes in terms of protein content in seeds
Soybean seeds contain about 40% protein
Contain complete set of amino acids including those essential for human nutrition
Soybean seed use for extracting oil, use in cocking
The sulphur application can lead to higher soybean yield, higher dry matter in seeds
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF 7
8. RESULTS OF EXPERIMENT
Figure 4, source Al-Farabi Kazakh National University.
Soybean varieties Luna
Variants
Plant height (cm) Number of pods pieces of
one plant
Number of seeds of one
plant
1000 seed weight
2017 y.
Powder sulfur-containing
agrochemicals
59.5 26 60 204
Sulfur-containing solute
agrochemicals
59.8 27 59 193
Pasty sulfur-containing
agrochemicals
48.9 26 50 179
Control 47 20 45 180
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9. SYNTHESIS OF SULFUR CONTAINING AGROCHEMICAL
Figure 5, Sketched On Chemdraw. 9
10. CLASSIFICATION OF SULFUR CONTAINING AGROCHEMICAL
CHEMICAL FAMILIES
Figure 6, sketched on MS word.
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF 10
Sulfur
containi
ng
compou
nds
Sulfur-
containin
g
heterocyc
lics
Sulfonylu
reas
Thiourea
s
Sulfoxide
s
Sufides
Sulfones
Sulfonam
ides
11. SULFONYLUREAS
Sulfonylureas (SUs) are a class of organic compounds that
have been widely used as anti-diabetic drugs.
Herbicides
Act through inhibition of acetolactate synthase ALS,
Blocking the biosynthesis of the branched-chain amino acids
valine, leucine, and isoleucine.
This inhibition leads to the rapid cessation of plant cell division
and growth.
Figure 7, sketched on chemdraw.
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF 11
12. SULFONAMIDES
Sulfonamides derived from a sulfonic acid by
replacing a hydroxyl group with an amine group.
Batericide
Fungicide
Act through decomposition of cell wall of bacteria
and againt certain fungus.
Cyazofamid used mainly for controlling
Plasmodiophora diseases on potatoes and
tomatoes.
Figure 8, Sketched on chemdraw.
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13. SULFUR-CONTAINING HETEROCYCLICS
Sulfur heterocyclics formed when a carbon
atom in carbocyclic ring is replaced by sulfur.
Fungicides
Herbicides
Insecticide
Act through antimycobacterial activity of the
agents. Figure 9, Herbicide sketched on Chemdraw
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14. THIOUREAS
It has structural resemblance to ureas, except
that the oxygen atom of ureas is replaced by a
sulfur atom
Fungicide
Insecticide
Plant growth regulator
Thiophanate is a fungicide. It is a curative,
preventive, and systemic broad-spectrum
fungicide used for diseases in fruit, vegetables,
and other crops.
Figure 10, Sketched on chemdraw
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15. SULFIDES, SULFOXIDES, SULFONES
Organic Sulfides (R–S–R` ) oxidized either to
oxidation state -1 Disulfides (R–S–S– R`)
Sulfoxides have 0 oxidation state which can be
further oxidized to the corresponding oxidation
state +2 Sulfones.
Herbicides
Insecticides
Act through photosynthesis inhibitors. Figure 11, Sketched on Chemdraw.
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16. Applications
Figure 12, Sketched On Ms word.
Function
of sulfur
Crop protection
Maximum crop yield
Increase root growth
Stimulate seed formation
Protein synthesis
Chlorophyll synthesis
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17. CONCLUSIONS
This section summarizes sulfur and sulfur-containing compounds in agrochemicals,
exemplified by selected commercial products which were playing a massive role in
past and current applied crop protection research.
These successful examples described in this section show the high value and
opportunities of the sulfur-containing agrochemicals as outstanding solutions for
modern and sustainable agriculture.
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18. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Finally, I would like to thank my ALLAH Almighty, for letting me through all the
difficulties.I would like to acknowledge and give my thanks to my supervisor Dr.
Muhammad Adnan Iqbal who made this work possible. His guidance and advice
carried me through all the stages of writing my seminar. I would also like to give
special thanks my family and friend for their continuous support and understanding
when undertaking my writing seminar. Your prayer for me was what sustained me
this far.
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF 18
19. REFERENCES
Brown, H. and J. Cotterman (1994). "Recent advances in sulfonylurea herbicides." Herbicides Inhibiting
Branched-Chain Amino Acid Biosynthesis: 47-81.
Coleman, R. (1966). "The importance of sulfur as a plant nutrient in world crop production." Soil Science
101(4): 230-239.
More, S. G., et al. (2022). "A Metal‐free Access to Hindered N‐Alkyl Sulfoximines via In‐Situ Generated
Aza‐Oxyallyl Cations from Functionalized Alkyl Bromide." Asian Journal of Organic Chemistry 11(7):
e202200210.
Tillage management impacts on soil compaction, erosion and crop yield in Stagnosols (Croatia)
Kurmanbayeva, M., et al. (2021). "Influence of new sulfur-containing fertilizers on performance of wheat
yield." Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 28(8): 4644-4655.
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