The document discusses various types of building construction materials, focusing on softboard, chipboard, straw board, and particle board, detailing their manufacturing processes, properties, and uses. Softboard is lightweight and provides good thermal insulation, while chipboard is made from recycled paper and is commonly used in kitchens and furniture. Straw board offers high structural strength and eco-friendliness, and particle board is an engineered wood product used for furniture and flooring applications.

1. BUILDING CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL
TYPES OF BOARDS

2. TOPICS COVERED
• Soft Board
• Chipboard
• Particle Board
(Cement Bonded)
• Straw Board

3. Soft Board
Introduction
• Softboards are made of high density polystyrene block lined with closed-cell polyethylene
foam which makes water infiltration as well as being soft to prevent accidents.
• These are coated with a soft material. Its soft coating facilitates transport and storage and
are also cheaper .
• It is laminated on the outside with material softer than fiberglass boards.
• Softboard is a light weight, easily handled material which can be readily cut with a sharp
knife or sawn with hand or machine saws.
• Special cutting tools are available for chamfering.
• It can be bonded with all wood working adhesives and nailed in the manner of other wood
based sheet materials.
• It can be decorated easily with all commercial paints and coatings and can readily be faced
with other sheet materials.
• It comes in shades of cream and brown .

4. Manufacturing :
• Composition and Manufacture: Bagasse is reduced to fibres which are then felted to form a
continuous sheet. After cutting to approximate size, the sheets are passed through a drying
oven. These sheets are trimmed to board sizes.
Improved acoustic properties are obtained by grooving insulating boards to part of their depth
in various patterns.
• Sizes generally available are:
Sheets: 1220mm x 2440mm (4' x 8') and 1220mm x 1220mm (4' x 4') Thickness available are
9mm, 12mm, 15mm, 18mm, 20mm and 25mm upto 100mm.
• Production tolerances: Permissible deviations in length, width and thickness from
manufacturers stated size are as per those given in Table 1 in IS 3348 and Table 1 in BS 1142:
Part 3, Smaller tolerances than those specified can be obtained by agreement.
• Weight: Weight of boards varies according to brand. Typical weights (kg/m2) are 2.5-2.7 for
9mm thickness, 3.2-3.7 for 12mm, 4.4-5.4 for 18mm, and 6-7.5 for 25mm.
• Density: Generally within the range of 230 to 330 kg/ml IS 3348 maximum is 400 kg/m3. BS
1142 maximum is 350 kg/m3.

5. Properties & Advantages
• Surface texture: Varies from smooth to dimpled. Colour of most boards is various shades of cream
and brown. Some boards are coated with a white primer for painting.
• Soft boards are hygroscopic in nature. Their dimensions change in response to changes in humidity.
• The contribution to the fire resistance of a structure is proportional to the thickness of the board.
For example 12mm insulating board will contribute 10-15 minutes fire resistance .
• Softboard has good durability. It will be damaged if subjected to high impact loads.
• Special design for learning
• increased stability
• greater fluctuation
• less paddling to catch the wave
• removable keels
• soft coating prevents accidents
• half the price of fiberboard
• A plain softboard has some sound absorption characteristics and will reduce reflected sound when
used as wall or ceiling lining or as a cavity lining or backing to other materials.

6. Uses :
• Are used as ceiling and wall linings and carpet underlays particularly where reflected sound is
to be reduced
• Soft board aesthetically covered with attractive fabrics serves as a practical and unobtrusive
display board, ideal for window dressing and other displays in all kinds of stores, schools,
homes and offices.
• Soft board is also used for all purposes where good thermal insulation is required, in the form
of wall linings, ceilings, and roof linings.
• It is also used as core material for partitions and doors, for partition panels, and as anti-
drum lining for metal partitions and machine casings.
• Ideal for packaging

8. Chip Board
Introduction
Chip boards are non-corrugated cardboard sheets that are made of recycled paper.
It does have wood-like grains but it is not wood. Chip boards are normally used in
kitchen tops and units and worktops and flooring. Veneered chipboards are used for
flat pack furniture. Veneered chipboard is not very attractive so ironing or gluing on
strips of veneer can be used to disguise it.
It is manufactured from wood chips, sawmill shavings, sawdust and synthetic resin.

9. Manufacturing :
• Chip & Flake Manufacturing Raw material blended for the production is a mixture of chips,
shavings and saw dust. Chips, shaving and saw dust are taken from different heaps into the
flaking line in certain pre- set proposition.
• Flake Drying & Drying Screening The flakes are dried in the drying department, which consists
of individual dryer .
• Gluing Of Screened Flake The wooden practical flow is led from the particle silos, one for
surface particles via a horizontal Dozing Bin to a measuring unit in which the material flow is
registered for the gluing system. The wooden particles are fed into a gluing drum, and further
by belt conveyer to the forming stations. The screened and dried surface and core particles are
separately glued in glue blending machines.
• Forming & Press The forming stations consist of two units for the surface layer and one unit for
the core layer. Forming is made on a Forming Belt Conveyor, which is the first part of 3
individual belt conveyors in front of the main press. The formed mat will be pre-pressed in a
Roller Press with Belt. A Permanent Magnet and a Metal Detector is located before the pre-
press.

10. Manufacturing : (contd.)
• A trimming saw cuts the formed mat with thermo oil heating, high- pressure hydraulics and
system for automatic pressing without distance bars. The loading device with its tablet
feeding system will ensure proper loading and unloading of the main press during same
operation. The main press is heated with hot oil by a separate boiler. The boards are taken out
of the unloading devices onto a belt conveyer with scale and through an automatic thickness
meter . then the board is fed to the cooling wheel.
• Trimming Saws and Sanding Lines After the cooling wheel the boards are taken through a
trimming saw for its longitudinal section before stacking on a Lifting Table. The stacked
boards will be transported on a roller conveyer to the next Trimming Saw for the cross section
of the board. The final size of the board is within the size of 2,400 – 2,500mm x 4,800 –
5,200mm.

11. Properties & Advantages
• Flaming retardant
• Moisture resistant but Once water logged, they tend to swell and break down
• These are non-corrugated cardboard sheets that are made of recycled paper.
• Normal density boards are soft and high density boards are hard.
• All grades of chipboard except for the high density variety tend to soak up water

12. Uses :
• Kitchen tops
• Working tops
• Fire doors
• Work surfaces
• Covering for kitchen units
• Flat pack furniture

14. Straw Boards
Introduction
Oriented structural straw board (OSSB) is an engineered board that is
made by splitting straw and formed by adding formaldehyde-
free adhesives and then hot compressing layers of straw in specific
orientations.
Made from leftover straw of wheat, barley and rice.
Strong and durable alternative to particle boards.

15. Manufacturing :
• manufacturing starts with careful selection of straw fibres, which are then cut,
cleaned, split and dried.
• Formaldehyde free resin is added to the straw and the fibres are oriented for
strength and appearance, and shaped into a mat through directional mat forming.
• The mat is then pressed between heated belts, water is vaporized, transferring heat
into the straw.
• The heat cures the adhesive and causes a series of physical and chemical changes to
the pressurized raw materials, which harden the final product.

16. Properties & Advantages
• High structural strength and load bearing stability
• More water resistent
• Highly earthquake resistant
• Strong and durable
• Eco friendly and safe
• Price – Rs. 640 per 8/4 feet (may change with inflation and demand)

17. Uses :
• General purpose boards for construction and interior decoration.
• Load-bearing boards for use in construction with high strength stability needs.
• multipurpose boards with a unique elegant texture, which is especially suitable for
decoration.
• panels can be produced in a range of finished products for acoustic, floor or home
applications keeping the natural straw surface appearance.

19. Particle Boards
Introduction
This is an engineered wood product manufactured from wood chips
and a synthetic resin or other suitable binder, which is pressed and
extruded
Cheaper, denser and more uniform than conventional wood
Not very visually appealing but can be painted over

20. Manufacturing :
• Mixing wood particles
• Raw materials fed into a disc chipper
• Particles are then dried
• Passed through a mist of resin and are layered into a continuous carpet
• Sheets formed are cold compressed to reduce their thickness
• Boards are then trimmed, cooled and sanded

21. Properties & Advantages
• Stable
• Cheaper to buy
• Convenient to use
• Prone to expansion and discoloration due to moisture

22. Uses :
• Enormous influence on furniture designs
• Underlayment in Bathrooms, Kitchens, Laundries (in its moisture resistant form)

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