SCIENCE 4 THE KIDNEYS

1. THE
KIDNEYS

2. - H a v e y o u e v e r f e l t l i k e u r i n a t i n g b u t
c o u l d n o t f i n d n e a r b y c o m f o r t r o o m ?
- H o w d i d y o u f e e l a t t h e t i m e ?
- w h e n y o u f e e l u r i n a t i n g , t h i s i s
b e c a u s e y o u w a n t t o e m p t y y o u r b l a d d e r
( a m u s c u l a r s a c t h a t s e r v e s a s t h e
t e m p o r a r y s t o r a g e o f u r i n e c o m i n g f r o m
y o u r k i d n e y s )

3. KIDNEYS
• A bean-shaped organs found in you abdomen, under your
back ribs, with one kidney on each side of your spine.
• It contains millions of nephrons – a tiny units that filter the
wastes from the blood that enters the kidney.
• Filtered waste turn into urine – the body’s waste product in
liquid form.
• Urine flows out through the ureters – two tubes that is made
up of smooth muscles where urine flows out from the kidneys
into the urinary bladder.

6. FUNCTION OF KIDNEYS
1. Filter and clean your blood as it travels throughout the
bloodstream
2. Remove waste products that the blood carries away from
the different cells in the body
3. Take away salt and excess water from your blood to form
the urine that is collected in the bladder
4. Signal the brain that you have to urinate when you feel the
need to do so

7. DISEASES
- K i d n e y m a l f u n c t i o n – s e r i o u s c o n d i t i o n w h e n
t h e k i d n e y s t o p s w o r k i n g a n d a r e n o l o n g e r
a b l e t o f i l t e r a n d r e m o v e w a s t e s f r o m t h e
b l o o d .
- C o m m o n s i g n s : i n a b i l i t y t o p a s s u r i n e , p a i n
d u r i n g u r i n a t i o n , a b n o r m a l l y f r e q u e n t
u r i n a t i o n , a n d p r e s e n c e o f b l o o d i n t h e u r i n e .

8. KIDNEY STONES
• Small hard stones that have
formed from minerals and
other substances deposited in
the kidneys by concentrated
urine.
• oftentimes very small stones
even show symptoms and are
just passed out in the urine
• If the stones cause a blockage
in the ureters, it will cause
extreme pain.
• CAUSES: lack of fluid intake
and eating food with high salt
content.
• TO AVOID: drinking lots of
fluids and lessening intake of
salty food.

10. NEPHRITIS
• Disease that causes serious
inflammation that affects either
one or both kidneys.
• Caused by bacterial infection
and overuse of some
medications for a long time.
• People with this will experience:
increase or decrease in in the
frequency of urination,
breathing problems,
discoloration of urine, weakness
of the body, presence of blood
in the urine.
• SYMPTOMS: high level of
protein in the urine,
abdominal and back pain, loss
of appetite, chronic fatigue,
and swelling in the face and
feet.
• TREATMENT: doctor prescribe
anti-inflammatory medicine
(mild cases), and intensive
treatment (serious condition)
to slow down the
deterioration of the kidneys.