kidneys by rana al hajraf

1. KIDNEY
BY: RANA AL HAJRAF

2. THE KIDNEYS
• The kidneys are 2 bean-shaped
organs that filter the human blood.
The blood usually passes through
them several times in a day.It is
where the urine flows from and then
goes into the bladder, through two
thing tubes of muscle called ureters.
It removes the waste from the body
and regulates the water fluid. A
person can live with only one
kidney.

3. LOCATION
• Kidneys are located just below the rib cage on
both sides of the spine. In men, it weighs around
125 to 170 grams, however, in females, it weights
around 115 to 155 grams. Each kidney is almost
4 inches long.

4. MAIN FUNCTIONS…
•Ensures an equal quantity of plasma to allow the blood to flow to
the vital organs.
•Regulates osmolarity.
•Regulates the ion concentrations.
•Regulation of pH.
•Disposes wastes and toxins.
•Production of hormones that help: regulate blood pressure, make
red blood cells, and makes the bones stronger.

5. COMMON DISEASES OF KIDNEY
• Kidney failure
• Kidney stone
• Urinary Tract Infection

6. URINARY TRACT INFECTION
• The Urinary Tract Infection
is when the urine you
release is infected with
bacteria. Women have a
higher chance of getting it
because their urethra is
shorter than a male’s,
allowing the bacteria to
access the bladder
quicker.

7. CAUSES OF U.T.I.
• The main cause of UTI is when the bacteria E.
Coli, which is from the large intestine, sticks to
the opening of the urethra, which is the tube that
transports urine from the bladder to the outside of
the body. Once it starts growing, it travels up to
the bladder which will then lead to an infection in
both the bladder and the kidney. If it isn’t treated
immediately, the bacteria will travel to the kidneys
and cause a serious type of infection, called
pyelonephritis. It is when the kidneys swell and
can lead to a permanent damage. Pyelonephritis
can be life-threatening.

8. SYMPTOMS OF U.T.I.
•A burning feeling when you urinate
•A frequent or intense urge to urinate,
even though little comes out when you
do
•Pain or pressure in your back or lower
abdomen
•Cloudy, dark, bloody, or strange-
smelling urine
•Feeling tired
•Fever and chills

9. DIAGNOSIS
• The doctor will ask for a test sample of urine to
check for the presence of bacteria. You will be
asked to give a “clean catch” urine sample by
washing the genital area and collecting sample of
urine in a sterile container. Collecting the urine helps
prevent bacteria around the genital area from getting
into the sample and confusing the test results.

10. TREATMENTS FROM U.T.I.
• Antibiotics are usually used to kill the
bacteria in the urine. A person must finish
the prescribed cycle of medicine completely,
even after they start to feel better. You must
also drink lots of water to help flush the
bacteria from your system. The doctor may
also prescribe a medication to soothe the
pain, and a heating pad may also be helpful.

11. VIDEO
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_NO8n48AKJY

12. SOURCES
https://www.webmd.com/women/guide/your-guide-urinary-tract-infections#3
https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/kidneys-how-they-work
https://www.webmd.com/kidney-stones/picture-of-the-kidneys#1
http://www.idph.state.il.us/about/womenshealth/factsheets/uti.htm