The Encyclopaedia Britannica states First Aid as measure to be taken immediately after an accident not with an idea to cure but in order to prevent further harm being done. It uses the availability of human and material resources at the site of accident to provide initial care to the victim of injury or sudden illness until more advance care is provided.

1. First Aid And Fire
Fighting Systems
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2. Learning Outcome
By the end of this session we would be able to understand-
 What is First - Aid?
 Goals of First - Aid.
 First – Aid Kit.
 What should be done in case of fainting or losing consciousness?
 What is fire ?
 Fire tri-angle
 Types of removing fire.
 Types of fire extinguishers.
 Usage of extinguishers.
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3. What is First – Aid?
 The Encyclopaedia Britannica states First Aid as measure to be taken
immediately after an accident not with an idea to cure but in order to
prevent further harm being done.
 It uses the availability of human and material resources at the site of accident
to provide initial care to the victim of injury or sudden illness until more
advance care is provided.
 First Aid has the following main objectives-
1. To preserve life
2. To prevent condition from worsening and to promote recovery
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4. Goals of First Aid
 To restore and maintain vital functions. The ABC of basic life support (Airway
, Breathing and Circulation) are always the first priority.
 Airways must be open so that air containing oxygen enters the body.
 Breathing must take place so that oxygen passes through the lungs into the
blood stream.
 The heart must circulate the blood carrying the oxygen.
 To prevent further injury or deterioration.
 To reassure the victim and make him or her as comfortable as possible.
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5. First Aid Kit
Following are the contents of First Aid Kit-
 Cotton Wool
 Adhesive Tape
 Crepe Bandage
 Sterile Dressing
 Bandage
 Thermometer
 ORS Packet
 Scissors, Glove, Soap, Pain reliever, Antacid
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6. Fainting or Loosing Consciousness
 Fainting is the brief loss of consciousness and is the result of interference
with the function of the brain.
 There are many causes of unconsciousness , the most common of which are ,
fainting, head injury, epilepsy, stroke, poisoning, diabetes and condition
associated with lack of oxygen. If you have seen a person fainting then-
1. Don’t give the patient anything to eat or drink.
2. Don’t allow the person to get up until the victim is fully conscious.
3. If the area is warm, don’t crowd around the victim,
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7. What is Fire?
 A process in which substances combine with oxygen from the air and typically
give out bright light , heat and smoke; combustion or burning.
 Fire Triangle-
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8. How to put down Fire?
 COOLING
Removal of Heat (Best cooling media is water).
 SMOOTHERING
Reducing % of oxygen. Cutting off the supply of
Oxygen. (Blanketing, Use Foam)
 STARVATION
Removal of fuel or removal of combustible
material nearby.
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9. Types of Fire Extinguishers
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 Their uses and color coding as per BS EN 3 : 1996 is given below.
 The content of extinguisher is given by a color zone on the body of
extinguisher.

10. Uses of Extinguishers
 Below is the table that represents the uses of extinguishers
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