1. VITAMINS
# Fat soluble vitamins: Vit. A , D, E and K
# Water soluble vitamins: Vit. B and C
Submitted by Vipin E.V
2. Vitamin A (Retinol)
Source: Green vegetables, milk, butter, cheese
Function: It may be considered as a regulator growth and activity of epithelial tissues. It occurs in
the retina of the eye and associated protein to form a visual purple or rhodopsin
Deficiency: Xerophthalmia (night blindness)
Vitamin D(Ergocalciferol)
Source: Cod- liver oil,eggs, diary products
Function: Bone and teeth formation , increase the volume of gastric secretion.
Deficiency: Reckets
Vitamin E(Tocopherol)
Source: Seeds , green leafy vegetables.
Physiological role:Maintain the normal health of vitamins (antisterility vitamin/fertility
vitamin/reprodection vitamin)
Deficiency: Possibly anemia
Vitamin K (Phylloquinone/Naphthoquinone)
Source: Green leaf vegetables, cereals, fruits, meat
Physiological role: Important role in Blood coagulation
Deficiency: Haemorrhage
• Fat soluble vitamins
3. • Water soluble vitamins
Vitamin B or B complex
● Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
Sources: Pork, meat, whole grains, legumes
Physiological role: This vitamin function in all cells as the coenzyme
carboxylase
Deficiency: Beri beri, deficiency of thiamine leads to the accumulation of
pyruvic acid & lactic acid in the blood and tissues.
● Vitamin B2(Riboflavin)
Sources: Liver, Milk, Egg & Green leafy vegetables.
Physiological role: Essential in cell respiration, It is involved in the cell
metabolism of protein, fats, carbohydrates and nucleic acids by forming part
of the flavoprotein.
Deficiency: Reddened lips, cracks at corner of mouth, lesion of eye.
● Nicotinic acid (Nicotinamide/Niacin)
Source: Yeast, liver, Legumes, Grains.
Physiological role: It forms an essential component of NAD and NADP and thus
form co-enzymes.
Deficiency: Pellagra (skin lesions, nervous and mental disorders.)
4. ●Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)
Three naturally occurring substances pyridoxine, pyridoxal and pyridoxamine
form vitamin b6
Source: Yeast, milk, rice, cereals pulses &meat are good source of this vit.
Physiological role: It is the part of an enzyme system for the synthesis of
amino acids. It is an important constituent of the enzyme, transaminase,
involved in the protein metabolism.
Deficiency: Muscular convulsions, dermatitis near eyes, kidney stones
●Pantothenic acid
It forms part of an enzyme system.
Source: Good source of this vitamin in clued yeast, milk, liver and egg yolk
Physiological role: It forms Coenzyme A by combining with adenylic acid,
phosphate and sulphydryl group.
Deficiency: Fatigue, impaired co-ordination
5. ●Vitamin B12 (Cyanacobalamin)
It occurs in natural water. The symbiotic microorganism of most animals
can synthesize this vitamin
Source: Liver, milk, yolk, fish& meat are good source of this vitamin
Physiological role: Cynocobalmin is a growth factor and anti-perinious
anemia factor. It is essentially required for normal formation blood and
erythrocyte maturation. It is also play a part in purine metabolism
Deficiency: Pernicious anemia, diarrhea, neurological disorders
●Vitamin H (Biotin)
It is also occurs in natural water.
Source: Protein in the egg white, yeast, liver, molasses, tomatoes and
milk contain biotin.
Physiological role : It is important for the synthesis of an enzyme which
converts pyruvic acid into oxaloacetic acid and vice versa. It is also
function in the deamination of aminoacid.
Deficiency: Fatigue, depressions, muscular pains
6. ●Vitamin M(Folic acid)
Source: It is found in abundance in liver, kidney, yeast, egg, milk, seeds and
mushroom.
Physiological role: It is the part of the co-enzyme needed for nucleoprotein
synthesis and formation of RBC.
Deficiency: Anemia, Diarrhea,Gastrointesteinal disturbances.
●Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid)
Source: citrus fruits,gooseberry, tomatoes, potatoes, green leafy vegetables
Physiological role: It plays an important role in cellular metabolism and
carbohydrate metabolism and in the conversion of folic acid to folinic
acid it produces and in the matrix of connective tissues. It helps the body
to build resistance against infection from bacteria and the toxic products
by such infection. It is also helps the absorption of calcium and iron fom
the intestine. It is involved in tyrosine metabolism. It controls the
cholesterol metabolism.
Deficiency: scurvey(degeneration of skin ,teeth,blood,vessels, epithelial
haemorage
