2. What are Vitamins??
VITAMINS
Water soluble
Fat soluble
13 Essential
Vitamins
Vitamins are the organic compounds and vital
nutrient required for normal cell function
Required in limited amount for cells
They are classified by their biological and chemical
activity
3. Easily soluble in water
Easily excreted out of
the body via urea
Over dosage is not
possible
Ex Vitamin B, C
Soluble in Fats & lipids
Easily absorbed into
body via small intestine
(stored in liver & adipose
tissue)
Over dosage is possible
leading to
hypervitaminosis
E.g.: Vitamin A,D,E,K
4. Essential for normal growth of multicellular
organisms.
Even for a fetus to grow it requires vitamins along with
the nutrients.
Essential nutrients for healthy maintenance of
tissues and cells.
Very important in converting proteins carbohydrates
and fats into energy requires.
Importance of Vitamins
5. Diverse Biochemical Functions
Hormone like functions – Regulators of cell and
tissue growth
Antioxidants – Prevention of diseases like cancer or
heart.
Enzyme Cofactor- Coenzymes- Helps enzymes in
their work as catalysts.
Precursors – Similar to cofactors but produces new
metabolic pathway.
6. 1.Vitamin A (β- carotene) Eyes
Skin
Hair
Bone
Teeth
Cell production
& immune
× Night blindness
× Dry Skin
× Poor bone and
teeth growth
2. Vitamin B
a)Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
× Loss of
appetite
× Weakness
× Fatigue
Conversion of
carbohydrates into
energy
Functioning of
Nervous system
Heart
Digestive system
8. d) Vitamin B5(Pentothenic Acid)
Conversion of
carbohydrates, proteins
and fats into energy
e)Vitamin B6(Pyridoxine)
× Stomach pain
× Burning feet
upper
× Respiratory
infection
Conversion of
carbohydrates,
proteins and fats
into energy
× Conjunctivitis
× Anemia
× Neuropathy
9. f) Vitamin B7(Biotin)
Metabolism of
carbohydrate
and fat support
adrenal
function
× Hair loss
× Depression
× Hallucination
10. d)Vitamin B9 (Folic acid) RBC production
Nervous system
Normal brain functions
× Deficiency effect
× Anemia
× Loss of appetite
× Weight loss
× Headache
E)Vitamin B12
Needed for nerve cells
RBC and DNA
× Numbness
× Nerve cell death
11. 3.Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
Production of collagen
Antioxidant
× Bleeding gums
× Scurvy
× Loose teeth
× Poor wound healing
4.Vitamin D
Absorption of Ca
and P in the body
Bones
× Rickets and
Osteomalacia
× Soft bones
12. 6. Vitamin K
Control Blood clotting
× Internal bleeding
× Nose bleed
5.Vitamin E
Antioxidant
× Intestinal disorder
× Cystic fibrosis
× Pancreatitis
13. Enzyme Cofactors or Coenzymes
What are Cofactors???
Molecules that binds to enzymes and allow the enzymes to
function as catalysts to catalyze the reaction by allowing it
to be active.
14. Cofactors
categories
Metals – cofactors containing metals like zinc
nickel etc.
Coenzymes – Organic group derived from
vitamins.
Prosthetic groups
Coenzymes strongly bond to enzymes