4. CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets
Style sheet language that defines how to
display HTML elements.
Describe the looks and formatting of a document.
enable the separation of document content from
document presentation.
CSS covers fonts, colors, margins, lines, height,
width, background images, advanced positions and
many other things.
5. A CSS rule has two main parts:
a selector, and one or more declarations:
Selector
points to the HTML element you want to style
Declaration
contains one or more declarations separated by
semicolons
includes a property name and a value, separated
by a colon
6. A CSS rule has two main parts:
a selector, and one or more declarations:
Selector
points to the HTML element you want to style
Declaration
contains one or more declarations separated by
semicolons
includes a property name and a value, separated
by a colon
7. A CSS declaration always ends with a semicolon, and declaration
groups are surrounded by curly brackets:
p {color: red; text-align: center; font-size:30px; text-transform:
uppercase;}
body {background-image: url(“gla.jpg"); margin-left:20px;}
td{background-color: red ;}
h2 { color: rgb(255,0,0); }
p { font-family: Times New Roman; }
8. div {
border: 1px solid black;
margin: 100px 150px 100px 80px;
background-color: lightblue;
}
<html>
<head>
<style type="text/css">
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>HelloWorld!</h1>
<p>This paragraph is styled with
CSS.</p>
</body>
</html>
Example
9. Internal style sheet
Within the html document
External style sheet
As an external CSS file with .css extension
Inline style
In the same line where we want to apply the style
10. adds the style attribute to the relevant tag
style attribute can contain any CSS property
Will work for only the specified tag at that line only
<p style="color:green;margin-left:20px; text-transform: uppercase;” >
GLA University
</p>
11. <html>
<head>
</head>
<body bgcolor=“lightgreen”>
<p style = "color:green;background-
color:yellow; text-transform:
uppercase;font-size:30px;" >
This is the first paragragh</p>
<p style = "color:blue;background-color:
lightpink;margin-left:40px;font-size:
30px; " >
This is the first paragragh</p>
</body>
</html>
12. Used when a single document has a unique style
Defined in the head section of an HTML page
Defined within the <style> tag
Scope is up to the same document only
Every document has its own Internal CSS, if
required.
<style>
p {text-align: center; color: red;}
h1{color: red; text-transform: lowercase;}
</style>
13. <html>
<head>
<style type="text/css">
p {color: blue;}
hr {color:lightpink;}
h1{color: red; text-transform: lowercase;}
body {background-color:lightgreen;}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>hello world</h1><hr>
<p>Welcome to Internal CSS</p>
</body>
</html>
14. Used when the style is applied to many pages.
With an external style sheet, you can change the
look of an entire Web site by changing one file.
Each page must link to the style sheet using the
<link> tag.
<head> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="mystyle.css"> </head>
h1 {color: red;}
H6{Color: green;}
hr {color:blue;}
p {margin-left:20px;}
Mystyle.css
Abc.html
Can be written on any text editor
and save file as filename.css
16. All the styles will "cascade" into a new "virtual"
style sheet by the following rules:
Inline style (inside an HTML element) (Highest
priority)
Internal style sheet (in the head section)
External style sheet
Browser default (Lowest priority)
17. The element Selector
selects elements based on the element name
The id Selector
uses the id attribute of an HTML tag to find the single,unique element
Hash (#) character, followed by the name of the id
The class Selector
finds a group of elements with the specific class
uses the HTML class attribute
Period (.) character, followed by the name of the class
21. <html>
<head>
<style>
p.uppercase { text-transform: uppercase;}
p.lowercase { text-transform: lowercase;}
p.capitalize { text-transform: capitalize;}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p class="uppercase">This is some text.</p>
<p class="lowercase">This is some text.</p>
<p class="capitalize">This is some text.</p>
</body>
</html>
22. The SPAN element gives structure and context to
any inline content in a document.
<html><head>
<style type = "text/css">
p{background-color: blue;font-size:28px;}
p.A{background-color: yellow;font-size:30px;}
.B{background-color:pink;font-size:40px;}
</style></head>
<body bgcolor="lightgreen">
<p> Hello </p>
<p class="A">Welcome to <span class = "B"> GLA
University</span> Mathura.</p>
<p class="B">Uttar Pradesh</p>
</body></html>
23. The background-color property specifies the background color of an element.
The background color of a page is defined in the body selector:
Example
body {background-color:#b0c4de;}
With CSS, a color is most often specified by:
a HEX value - like "#ff0000"
an RGB value - like "rgb(255,0,0)"
a color name - like "red”
24. body {background-image:url('paper.gif');}
By default, the background-image property repeats an image both horizontally
and vertically.
Example
body
{
background-image:url('gradient2.png');
background-repeat:no-repeat;/*repeat-x*/
background-position:center top;
}
OR
body {background:#ffffff url('img_tree.png') no-repeat right top;}
25. The border-style property specifies what kind of border to display.
dotted - Defines a dotted border
dashed - Defines a dashed border
solid - Defines a solid border
double - Defines a double border
none - Defines no border
Example
p {border-style: dotted;}
p{border-style: dashed;}
26. border-width property specifies the width of the four borders. border-
color property is used to set the color of the four borders.
Example
p{
border-style: dotted;
border-width: 2px;
border-color: red;
}
OR p { border: 5px solid red;}
27. The color property specifies the text color of content in between the
specified element.
Example
body {color:red;}
h1 {color:#00ff00;}
P{color:red;}
28. The text-align property is used to set the horizontal alignment of a text.
Text can be centered, or aligned to the left or right, or justified.
Example
h1 {text-align:center;}
p {text-align:right;}
body {text-align:justify;}
29. The text-decoration property is used to set or remove decorations from text.
Example
h1 {text-decoration:overline;}
h2 {text-decoration:line-through;}
h3 {text-decoration:underline;}
30. The text-transform property is used to specify uppercase and lowercase letters
in a text.
Example
p{text-transform:uppercase;}
p {text-transform:lowercase;}
p {text-transform:capitalize;}
31. The font family of a text is set with the font-family property
Example
p{font-family:Times New Roman;}
p{font-family: Arial;}
32. The font-style property is mostly used to specify italic text.
This property has three values:
normal - The text is shown normally
italic - The text is shown in italics
oblique - The text is "leaning " (oblique is very similar to italic, but less
supported)
font-weight property specifies the weight of a font:
Example
p {font-style:normal; font-weight: normal;}
p {font-style:italic; font-weight: bold;}
p {font-style:oblique;}
33. The font-size property sets the size of the text.
Example
h1 {font-size:40px;}
h2 {font-size:30px;}
p {font-size:14px;}
34. Links can be styled with any CSS property (e.g. color, font-family, background,
etc.).
The four links states are:
a:link - a normal, unvisited link
a:visited - a link the user has visited
a:hover - a link when the user mouses over it
a:active - a link the moment it is clicked
Example
a:link {color:red;} /* unvisited link */
a:visited {color:blue;} /* visited link */
a:hover {color:green;} /* mouse over link */
a:active {color:yellow;} /* selected link */
35. Set the same margin for all four sides
p { margin: 35px; }
Set the different margin for all four sides in order top right bottom left
p{margin: 10px 5px 15px 20px;}
Set the margin for specific side
p { margin-left: 35px; }
p { margin-top: 25px; }
37. With CSS, lists can be styled further, and images can be used as the list item
marker.
Example
ul.a {list-style-type:circle;}
ul.b {list-style-type:square;}
ol.c {list-style-type:upper-roman;}
ul.d {list-style-image:url('sqpurple.gif');
38. display property specifies if/how an element is displayed.
Value of display property can be none, inline and block
visibility property specifies whether or not an element is visible.
Example
li{ display: none; }
li { display: inline; }
li { display: block; }
h1 { visibility: visible; }
h2{ visibility: hidden; }
39. With CSS, table td and th can be
styled further.
Example
table, td, th
{
border:1px solid green;
padding:15px;
height: 50px; width:50px
text-align: left;
}
Example
th
{
background-color:green;
color:white;
}
td{ height:50px;
vertical-align:bottom;
}