Tomatoes, peppers and eggplants in high tunnels
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Tomatoes, peppers and eggplants in high tunnels
- 1. Tomatoes, Peppers and Eggplants in High Tunnels Terrance T. Nennich Extension Professor Vegetable and Small Fruit Production University of Minnesota Extension nenni001@umn.edu
- 2. Tomatoes • Tomatoes are the number one product grown in high tunnels • High Market demand • Very nutritious • Cost effective • Many uses • Profitable • Easily grown for the most part • Large selections of varieties
- 3. Tomato Culture • Determinant vs indeterminate • Plant spacing 18 inches to 3 ft, • Plant on beds, or flat • Soil Nutrition is extremely important • Disease control • Irrigation • Weed control
- 4. “Book Values” for Tomatoes N P K Plant Part -------- lb per ton F.W. ------------ Fruit 3.4 0.4 6.0 Vines 2.6 0.4 3.4 Total 6.0 0.8 9.4 A 50 ton yield/A would require: ( 20 Lbs Plant) 300 lbs N/A 40 lbs P/A (92 lbs P2O5) 470 lbs K/A (564 lbs K2O)
- 5. Soil Nutrient Research 2008 Fertilized Plots Cobra Tomatoes 0-6 inch soil depth N P K Before Season 263 252 1349 After Harvest 26 235 173
- 6. Ventilation
- 7. Leaf mold on tomato (Fulvia fulva) Highly dependent on high RH and temperature for disease development Conidia germination requires RH > 85% and an optimal temperature 68-77°F Disease rarely occurs below 50°F Conidia can survive at least 1 year in the soil Numerous strains Sharon Douglas, CAES
- 8. Four stages of disease management 1. Pre- High Tunnel Establishment 2. Pre- Season 3. Transplant Production 4. Crop Production
- 9. Irrigation • How long would you like to go without water? • 10 hours of drought can delay maturity 2 days • Drastically reduce quality • Soil nutrients can only be taken up in solution • Fertilizer and water .
- 10. Tomato Evaluation • How do you evaluate a high tunnel tomato? – Size ? – Color? – Yield ? – Earliness? – Firmness ? – Heirloom ? – Flavor ? – You make the Call
- 11. Cobra Indt
- 12. Sunstart /Det/ 60 days
- 13. Sunstart / det, 60 day
- 14. Sunshine, det/ 65 days
- 15. Valley Girl • Early • Determinant • Very cold set • Fast ripping • Firmness ?
- 16. New Girl • A lot like early girl • 62 days • More uniform • Better Blight resistance
- 17. Pole Big /det/ 60 days • Determinant • Compact Plant • 60 day
- 18. BHN 189 • Determenent • 60 days • Hot set • Smaller • Compact vine
- 19. Mountain Spring/ Det /72 day
- 20. Mountain Glory • determinant • Very dome shaped • 72 day • Good disease package.
- 21. BHN 589 • Determinent • 75 day • Excellent flavor • A little soft • Excellent color
- 22. BNH 1021 • Determinant • Vigorous • 8 -18 oz • Smooth tomato • 75 +
- 23. FinishLine • Determinent • Very full season • Very large/ uniform • Very firm
- 24. Red Line • Early Midseason • Firm • Very Large • Maintains size • Upcoming HT Tomato
- 25. O5229Yds
- 26. Charger • Mid Season • Firm • I year of trials
- 27. Rocky Top • Mid season • Dark Red • High Tunnel Heat • Firm
- 28. Ultra Sweet • First High Tunnel Tomato • Indt • Good Color • Early • Yield ??
- 29. Applause • Determinant • Cold set • Cooler conditions. • 67 – 70 day • Large 10-14 oz • Holding size ? • Firm ?
- 30. BHN 268 Cherry • Determent • Very uniform • High yield • Stake
- 31. Golden Sweet Grape • Larger • Good color • Firm • Indet
- 32. Montesino Grape • Indeterment • Large grape
- 33. BHN 785 • Determent • Large grape • Different in tunnels • Sweet
- 34. Pepper Culture • Raised Beds • 20 inches wide, Minimum • Plastic Green • Two rows on each bed • Plants are 18 inches in the row • Rows are 8 inches apart.
- 35. Pepper Culture • Possibility of widening the bed • Widen the spacing between rows • Use two drip tapes. • Staking or weaving is important. • Shade cloth
- 36. Major Concerns • Aphids • Mites • White Flies • Tip Burn • Blossom end rot
- 37. Takii Ace • Very early • 50 day • Completely different in high tunnels • Three lobe pepper • Excellent Green to Red
- 38. Hunter • Early Pepper • Blocky • 4 lobe • Good green to red
- 39. Chesapeake • High tunnel pepper • 4 lobed pepper • Very uniform • Mid season • Very quick color change
- 40. King Arthur • Older pepper • Very large • Latter season • Uniform • Must be stakes in tunnels
- 41. Tomcat
- 42. Intruder
- 43. PSO9941819 Green Bell • Mid season • Strong Continuous Set • Green to Red • Anthocyaninless • Very smooth skin • Must be staked
- 44. Hunter Pepper
- 45. Triple Star
- 46. Mango • Mid Season • Green to Orange • Smaller plant • Stake • Very thick • High fertility
- 47. Moonset • Mid Season • Green to Yellow • Blocky
- 48. Aruba • Excellent growth in H T • Cubanelle • Good color • Very prolific
- 49. Anastar • Anaheim • Very long • 9 inches • 1500 S U • Mid to later season
- 50. Tiburon • Ancho • 1000 -3000 S R • Green to red
- 51. Inferno • Hot banana • Turns nice bright red • Early 60 -65 day • 2500 – 4500 S R
- 52. Habanero • Red , Yellow, Orange • Very hot • Small plant • Late season
- 53. Hungarian Hot Yellow Wax • Open Pollinated • Hot • Inexpensive seed • Good yield • Average color • Uniform ?
- 54. Sweet Banana • Open pollinated • Sweet • Not Hot • Very prolific • Not uniform
- 55. Golden Summer • Mid Season • Green to Yellow • Turns Quickly • Good yield • Medium Size • Heavy set
- 56. # 7 Jalapeno • Rupp Seed • Very early • Strong continuous set • Semi hot • Green to red
- 57. EggPlant Culture • Raised Beds • 20 inches wide, Minimum • Plastic Green • Two rows on each bed • Plants are 18 inches in the row • Rows are 8 inches apart.
- 58. Eggplant Culture • Possibility of widening the bed • Widen the spacing between rows • Use two drip tapes. • Staking or weaving is important.
- 59. Major Concerns • White Flies • Aphids • Potato beetle • Pollination • Blossom abortion
- 60. Epic • Black • Glossey • Uniform • 4X8 Big in tunnels
- 61. Millionaire • Japanese Type • Early • Smooth • Must stake
- 62. Orient Express • Early • Smooth • 10 inches long • Cold set • Takes early cool springs
- 63. Galine Italian • Early • Cold set • Continuous set • Gets big in high tunnels • Very smooth
- 64. Fairy Tale • Small • 1 inch x 5 inches • Solid • Very polific
- 65. Gretel • White egg color • Very early • 2009 AAS Winner • 4 inches long • 1 inch • solid
- 66. Hansel • Early • AAS winner • Harvest at 4 inches • Will continue to grow to 10 inches
- 67. Nadia • Full size • Cool set • Will keep • Solid • Calyx stays green
- 68. Tango • Large white • 7x2 -9x3 • Very classy
- 69. Nubia • 8 inches long • 3 inches in diameter • Good color • Mid – late season • Tall plant
Editor's Notes
- Develops often as a result of poor air circulation – high RH.Leaves drop prematurely as disease progressed up the plant.