Individual behaviour

1. Individual Behaviour
By
Dr. H.S. ABZAL BASHA, M.B.A., Ph.D., L.L.B.
Assistant Professor,
Department of Management Studies,
G. Pullaiah College of Engineering & Technology,
Kurnool.

2. What isbehaviour?
• Most people use the word
‘behaviour’ to mean conduct.
• Behaviour is anything that a
person does.
• In psychology, behaviour is
regarded as any observable
activity by human being.
• In other words actions/
reactions/ response/ reflection
to the environment.
• Most human behaviour results
from a combination of factors such
as culture, attitudes, emotions,
values, ethics, authority, rapport,
persuasion, coercion and
genetics.

3. Principlesof
Human
Behaviour
Almost all human behaviour is learned.
All behaviours occur for a reason.
No behaviours occur “out of blue.”
Behaviours continue to occur
because they are effective.
Behaviours stop occurring when they
are ineffective.

4. A – B – C Model of Behaviour
A
Antecedent
Trigger
1 2
B
Behaviour
Action
3
C
Consequence
Response

5. Behaviour
• Behaviour is the manner in
which a person behaves,
whether they can conform to
the accepted social standards
or not.

6. HUMAN BEHAVIOUR
Economic Man
Social Man
Organisation Man
Self Actualisation Man
Complex Man
Impulsive Man
Compulsive Man

7. 15% 15%
35%
35%
Sir Francis Galton Study on Similarities in 1896
Attributes
Extreme +Ve Average -Ve Extreme -Ve
Average +Ve

8. Introduction
8
• An organization is basically the association of human beings
and a major problem of today’s organization is how to get
maximum possible efforts and contributions of the human
beings determining these efforts and contributions, those
responsible for managing the organization must understand
the way human beings behave.
• It is to be noted that the world of human work consists of
individual performing jobs in some setting, usually in some
organization
• The fact that there are tremendous differences among
individuals and among jobs is the basis of the frequently
expressed notion of “matching” people and jobs and of the
expression “round pegs in square holes” when the “match” is
not a good one. Mismatches can occur in any setting.

9. Variables influencing Individual Behavior
The Person
Skills & abilities
Personality
Perceptions
Attitudes
Values
Ethics
The
Environment
Organization
Work group
Job
Personal life
Behavior
9

10. FactorsAffectingHuman
Behaviour
• Genetics – Patterns of
behaviour are influenced
by inheritance from
parents.
• Early Childhood
Experiences
• Social Norms shape our
behaviour and attitudes.
Every individual
manipulate his/her
behaviour to best ‘fit in’
with others.
• Core Faith and Social
Culture shape our
religious faith,
philosophical thinking and
emotional wellbeing (e.g.
Emotions such as shame
and guilt connected to

12. Personal Factors
1)Age
2)Education
3)Abilities
4)Marital Status
5)Number of Dependents
6) Creativity
7)Emotional Intelligence
Psychological
Factors
1) Personality
2) Perception
3) Attitudes
4) Values
5) Learning
Organizational Systems &
Resources
1) Physical Factors
2) Organizational structure & design
3) Leadership
4) Reward System
5) Work related behavior
Environmental Factors
1) Economic
2) Social norms & cultural values
3) Ethics & social Responsibility
4) Political
Individual
Behavior
12
Founda
tions
of Individ
ual
Behavi
or

13. Personal Factors
13
• Age: Age has impact on performance, turnover, absenteeism, productivity
and Satisfaction level
• Education: Increased levels of education serve to increase an individual’s
expectation about positive outcomes (general and specialized)
• Ability: Ability refers to an individuals capacity to perform various tasks in
a given job (intellectual and physical). Employee performance is enhanced
when there is ability-fit job
• Marital Status: it has impact on absenteeism, turnover & satisfaction

14. • Number of Dependents: There is a correlation between number of
dependents and absenteeism and satisfaction
• Creativity : Creativity refers to the cognitive activity that results in a new or novel way
of viewing or solving a problem. They have three attributes of background experience,
personal traits and cognitive abilities (analytical skills)
14
• Emotional Intelligence: Emotions are an effective state of
consciousness in which joy, sorrow, fear, hate, love, surprise, and anger is expressed.
Emotions have impact on Mood, performance, Features are: Emotions are highly focused,
expressions of emotions is universal and Culture determines expression of feelings.
Emotional Intelligence helps us to monitor our emotions

15. Environmental Factors
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• Economic Factors: All work is performed within economic framework, that
both directly and indirectly, impinges on an organizational environment. Various factors
like employment opportunities, wage rates, economic outlook and Technological change
• Cultural Environment: Cultural environment is made up of institutions and
other forces that affect society’s basic values, perceptions, work ethics, achievement
needs and effort- reward expectations, values preferences and behavior

16. • Ethics and Social Responsibility: Ethics refers to a system of moral
principles; a sense of right and wrong and goodness and badness of actions and the motives
and the consequences of these actions. Social Responsibility or Corporate social
Responsibility is understood as the obligation of decision makers to take actions that protect
and improve the welfare of the society as a whole, along with their own interest
• Political Factors: The stability of Government tends to have impact on employment
opportunities and these, in turn, impact employee behavior. The political ideology of a country
affects individual behavior primarily through the relative freedom available to the citizens
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17. Organizational Systems & Resources
17
• Facilities: Like lighting, ventilation, air-conditioning, décor, space for
employees, secretarial support
• Organizational structure & Design: The behavior & performance of an
individual is influenced by where that person fits into the overall structure &
design of the organization.
• Leadership: A leader provides direction, assistance, advice and coaching to
individuals, due to which a system of leadership and supervision is necessary
as it is a potential source of influence.

18. • Reward System: The behavior and performance of an individual is
influenced by the reward system of his or her organization
• Work related behavior: The five stages of the individual’s stay in the
organization may be distinguished by joining in the organization, remaining
with the organization, maintaining work attendance, performing required
tasks & exhibiting organizational citizenship
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19. Psychological Factors
1. Tribalistic: This category people prefer directive, strong leadership
from their boss.
2. Ego-centric: Desire to work alone.
3. Socio-centric: Seek social relationship.
4. Existential: Strives for satisfying growth and self fulfilment.
Implications