2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The success and final outcome of this project required a lot of
guidance and assistance from many people and I am extremely
privileged to have got this all along the completion of my project. All
that I have done is only due to such supervision and assistance and
I would not forget to thank them.
I respect and thank Satarupa ma’am, for providing me an opportunity
to do the project work in Kendriya Vidyalaya,Boudh and giving me
all support and guidance which made me complete the project duly. I
am extremely thankful to him for providing such a nice support and
guidance, although he had busy schedule.
3. CONTENTS
• Wave
• Types of wave
• Characteristics of wave
• Properties of wave
• Sound wave
• Some properties of sound wave
• SOUND LEVELS OF DIFFERENT SOUND
SOURCES
4. --Is a particle wave disturbance that moves
away from a source and carries energy with
it.
WAVE’S MOTION
-- the propagation of a pattern caused by a
vibration.
WAVE
5. 1. TRANSVERSE WAVES
-occur when the individual particles or
segments of a medium vibrate from side to
side perpendicular to the direction in which
the waves travel.
2. LONGITUDINAL WAVES
-occur when the individual particles of a
medium vibrate back and forth in the
direction in which the waves travel.
TYPES OF WAVE
8. CHARACTERISTICS OF WAVE
1. Crest and Trough – Highest point and lowest point of wave.
2. Amplitude – is the maximum displacement of a vibrating
particle of the medium on either side of its normal position
when the wave passes.
3. Wavelength – is the distance between adjacent crest or
trough.
4. Frequency – the number of waves that pass particular point
every one second.
5. Period – the time required for one cycle, a complete notion
that returns to its starting points.
9. Speed of Wave – distance the wave travels per unit time. It is
related to the frequency of the wave and wavelength through the
ff. eq:
Wave Speed = Frequency x Wavelength
MECHANICAL WAVES
--require a medium for wave propagation.
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
--require no material/medium for them passage
--energy from the sun reaches the Earth.
10. 1. REFLECTION
- Is the bouncing of it hits a surface.
It change in direction of a wave at an interface
between two different medium so that the wave
returns to the medium from which its originated.
PROPERTIES OF WAVE
11. 2. REFRACTION
- Change in the direction of waves as they pass
from one medium to another medium.
- Bending of waves as they pass from one
medium to another medium of different
density.
PROPERTIES OF WAVE
12. 3. DIFFRACTION
- The bending of waves around small openings
and around edge of barriers.
PROPERTIES OF WAVE
13. 4. INTERFERENCE
- The interaction between two waves.
- Is the overlapping of waves.
- Can be constructive or destructive.
PROPERTIES OF WAVE
15. PITCH
-The highness or lowness of sound.
*the frequency of the sound waves determine
the pitch of the sound. The higher the
frequency of a sound wave, the higher the
pitch.
Some Properties of Sound Waves
16. ULTRASONIC FREQUENCIES
-vibrational frequencies beyond 20 000 Hz.
INFRASONIC FREQUENCIES
-extremely low frequencies, below 20 Hz.
We can only sense within the frequency
range of about 20 Hz to about 20 000 Hz.
17. LOUDNESS
-is how soft or how intense the sound is as
perceived by the ear and interpreted by the
brain.
Varying Sound
*Pleasant
*Loud
*Noise
Some Properties of Sound Waves
18. LOUDNESS of Sound
-depends on the effect of corresponding
sound wave on the ear. The louder sound is
produced by a wave of greater intensity.
Some Properties of Sound Waves
19. INTENSITY
-Is a property of sound which is measured
by the amount of energy passing through a
unit area per second.
-depend on the amplitude of vibrations and
the area of the vibratory body
perpendicular to the direction of wave
motion.
Some Properties of Sound Waves
20. INTENSITY
-is measured by various instrument like the
oscilloscope.
Logarithmic scale
-is used to describe sound intensity which
roughly corresponds to loudness.
Some Properties of Sound Waves
21. Decibel
(dB) – the
unit of
intensity
level for
sound
SOUND LEVELS OF DIFFERENT SOUND
SOURCES
SOURCES LEVEL (dB)
Jet Engine ( 30 m 140
away) 120
Threshold of Pain 115
Amplified Rock Music 100
Old Subway Train 90
Average factory 70
Busy Street Traffic 60
Normal Conversation 40
Library 20
Close Whisper 10
Normal Breathing
