a powerpoint presentation about waves

1. WAVES
PHYSICS
GROUP 1

2. WHAT ARE WAVES?
 A wave is a rhythmic disturbance that transmits
ENERGY through matter or space.
 The material through which a wave travels
from one point to another is called a medium
(matter).
 Waves are produced when a source of energy
causes a medium to vibrate.

3. After the wave passes, the water is calm
again and the raft stops bobbing.
The wave’s energy lifts the heavy raft as the
wave’s passes under it. But the disturbance
caused by the wave is temporary.
A wave that disturbs the surface of the
water also will disturb the raft.
TO UNDERSTAND WAVES,
THINK ABOUT THE SWIMMING
RAFT

4. HOW DO WAVES TRANSFER ENERGY?
 Look at the particles in the figure below. When a wave travels
through the medium, the particles move up and down. But the
particles do not travel with the wave. After the wave passes,
the particles in the water return to where they started.
 Why doesn’t the medium travel along
with the wave? All mediums are made
of tiny particles. When a wave enters a
medium, it transfers energy to the
medium’s particles. The particles bump
into each other, passing the waves’
energy along.

5. I. PARTS OF A WAVE

6. Crest
The crest is the highest point of the wave. In the diagram
above, the crest is marked with a red dot.
Trough
The trough is the lowest point of the wave. In the diagram,
the trough is marked with a blue dot.
Period
Is the distance between the crest and the trough. It is the
time that it takes for two successive crests or troughs (one
wavelength) to pass a given point.
Rest Position
Is the position of particles when they are not acted upon by
the wave. In the diagram, the amplitude is marked with a
green line.
Amplitude
The amplitude is the vertical distance between the
crest and trough, the highest and lowest points of
the wave.
Wavelength
The wavelength is the distance between two successive
crests or two successive troughs.

7.  Waves usually are produced by something moving back and
forth, or vibrating. It is the energy of the vibrating object that
waves carry outward.
II. TYPES OF WAVES
Waves that require a medium through
which to travel are
called MECHANICAL WAVES.
Waves that can travel without a
medium are called
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF WAVES have
different sets of characteristics.
MECHANICAL WAVES
ELECTROMAGNETIC
WAVES
1
2
 TRANSVERSE WAVES
 LONGITUDINAL WAVES
 SURFACE WAVES

8. MECHANICAL WAVES
Mechanical waves are waves that can travel only through matter.
They are classified by how they move.
There are 2 types of mechanical waves:
TRANSVERSE and LONGITUDINAL (COMPRESSIONAL) WAVES

9. TRANSVERSE WAVES
 Waves that move the medium at right angles or
PERPENDICULAR to the direction in which the
waves travel.
 As transverse waves moves, it makes crests and
troughs.
CRESTS
The highest point on a transverse wave
TROUGHS
The lowest point on a transverse wave

10. LONGITUDINAL
WAVES
 In this type of wave, the movement of the
particles is PARALLEL to the motion of the energy.
 If you stretch out a slinky and push and pull one
end, you can produce a longitudinal wave. The
coils in the spring move back and forth parallel to
the wave motion.

11. The region of a longitudinal wave
where the particles in the medium
are closest together
COMPRESSIONS
RAREFACTION
The region of a longitudinal
Wave where the particles in the
medium are farthest apart
As compressions and rarefactions travel along
the spring toy, each coil moves forward and
then back. The energy travels from one end of
the spring to the other, creating a wave. After
the wave passes, each coil returns to the
position where it started.

12. SURFACE WAVES
 A surface wave is a wave in which particles of
the medium undergo a CIRCULAR MOTION.
 Surface waves are neither longitudinal nor
transverse.
 The motion of particles tends to decrease as one
proceeds further from the surface.

13. ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
 Electromagnetic waves are created by a
fusion of ELECTRIC and MAGNETIC fields.
 All electromagnetic waves travel through a
vacuum at the same speed.
 Electromagnetic waves contain electric and
magnetic parts that vibrate up and down
perpendicular
to the direction the wave travels.

14. III.
PROPERTIES/CHARACTERISTICS
OF A WAVE
The properties that waves have, depend on the
vibrations that produce the waves.

15.  The distance between one point on a wave
and the nearest point moving with the same
speed and direction.
 The wavelength of a transverse wave is the
distance from crest to crest or from trough
to trough.
 The wavelength of a longitudinal wave is the
distance from compression to compression
or rarefaction to rarefaction.
WAVELENGTH

16. FREQUENCY
 The frequency of a wave is the NUMBER OF
WAVELENGTHS that pass by a point each second.
 Frequency is measured in units called Hertz (Hz). A
wave that occurs every second has a frequency of 1
Hz.
 The HIGHER the frequency, the SHORTER the
wavelength.
 The LOWER the frequency, the LONGER the
wavelength.

17. Amplitude is the maximum distance that the
particles of the medium carrying the wave
move away from their rest positions.
For example, the amplitude of a wave is the maximum
distance a water particle moves above or below the surface
level of calm water. You can increase the amplitude of a
wave in a rope by moving your hand up and down a greater
distance. To do this, you have to use more energy. This
energy is transferred to the rope. Thus, the more energy a
wave has, the greater its amplitude.
AMPLITUDE

18. The amplitude of a
transverse wave depends on the
height of the crests or the depth of
the troughs.
The amplitude of a longitudinal wave
depends on the density of the
material in the compressions and
rarefactions.

19. WAVE SPEED
 The speed of a wave depends on the
medium in which the wave travels.
 The FASTER waves travel, the MORE crests
or compressions pass by you each second.
 Time Period is the total time that a wave takes
to complete a single cycle.
 It is measured in seconds. It is represented by
the alphabet ‘T’.
 The inverse of the time period is the
frequency of a wave.
TIME PERIOD

20. THANK YOU
for your attention
GROUP 1
John Michael Canoy
Nino Ocba
Jhen Rose Lambino
Abegail Hermoso
Fippa Acebron