writing references

1. Dr. Sushma.R.
Department of P.G. Studies in Education,
Rani Channamma University
Belagavi.
Karnataka
Email:sushmarcueducation@gmail.com
Writing References in APA
Style(7th Edition)

2. APA Style (7th Edition)
Introduction to American
Psychological Association
Need of APA
Importance of
Referencing
Stylistics
In-text Citation.
Reference List.

3. American Psychological Association
APA
largest scientific
and professional
organization
of psychologists i
n the United
States,
APA
121,000
members,
including
scientists,
educators,
clinicians,
consultants, and
students
APA
54 divisions—
interest groups
for different
subspecialties
of psychology or
topical areas.

4. APA task forces that issue policy
statements on various matters of
social importance,
abortion,
human rights,
welfare of
detainees,
human trafficking,
the rights of
the mentally ill,
IQ testing,
sexual orientation
change efforts,
gender equality.
Authouritative for
academic writing

5. APA Style
originated in 1929
a simple set of procedures, or style guidelines
codify the many components of scientific writing to
increase the ease of reading comprehension
provides a foundation for effective scholarly
communication
it helps writers present their ideas in a clear, precise,
and inclusive manner.

6. APA 7th
Edition
Introduced
in October
2019
Revised
in
2020
more
guidelines to
make citing
online
sources
easier and
clearer.
easy-to-use
reference
and citation
system,
guides users
through the
scholarly writing
process—from the
ethics of authorship
to reporting
research through
publication.
offers guidance on
choosing the headings,
tables, figures, language,
and tone that will result
in powerful, concise, and
elegant scholarly
communication

7. • Uniformity and consistency
• focus on the ideas being presented
rather than formatting
• scan works quickly for key points,
findings, and sources
• punctuation, capitalization, in-text
citations, references, and presentation
of statistics.
• ideas flow logically,
• sources are credited appropriately
• papers are organized predictably and
consistently
• Authors plan for ethical compliance and
report critical details of their research
protocol to allow readers to evaluate
findings and other researchers to
potentially replicate the studies. Tables
and figures present data in an engaging,
consistent manner.
Need
of
APA

8. To give credit to
other authors'
concepts and ideas
To provide the
reader (often the
marker/examiner )
with evidence of the
breadth and depth of
your reading
To avoid being
accused of
plagiarism
To enable the
readers of the work
to locate the
references easily
Importanc
e of APA

9. APA Regulates:
•Stylistics
•In-text Citation
•References

10. • 1inch
• Double
Margin/Space
• Times New Roman 12,
• Georgia 11
• Calibri 11
• Arial 11
• Lucida Sans Unicode 10
Fonts
• Top right corner of the page
header
• Title page is number 1.
Page number
Stylistics/ Basic Format

11. • Title of paper, name, affiliation (St. Petersburg
College), course, instructor, and due date.
• Title of the paper is bold, with an extra space
before the name of the researcher
• The first line of page 2 will be the title of the
paper, bold and centered.
Title page
• References is bold and centered.
References
page

12. In-text Citation
Parenthetical in-text citation: Parenthetical citations are notes in
parentheses that let a reader know what original sources used in the body
of research report. These notes make it easier for the reader because they
don't have to stop reading to know what is source material. Example: APA
is fun (Jones, 2019).
Direct quote in-text citation: If directly quoted words or sentences from a
source (in inverted commas, or in an indented paragraph), provide the
author, year, and specific page number for that quotation. Example: A
researcher once said, “APA is an amusing way to document research”
(Jones, 2019, p. 28).
Narrative in-text citation: A narrative citation is a citation in which the author
name appears in the sentence itself, rather than within parentheses.
Example: according to Jones (2019) the APA is fun. In 2019, Jones
Paraphrasing: Condensing someone else’s ideas or theories changing the
words and the word order. So that it is fits into the work. Although we
must still give credit to original author.

13. Basic In-text Citation Style
Author Type Parenthetical Citation Narrative Citation
One Author (Luna, 2020) Luna.(2020)
Two Authors (Salas & ‘D’ Agostino
2020)
Salas & ‘D’ Agosino
(2020)
Three More Authors (Martin. et., al., 2020) Martin. et., al., (2020)

14. Reference List
The most common resources make using are online Journals, textbooks, Research
papers, conference proceedings, Magazines, articles, website sources, you tube,
Mobile apps, Audiovisual materials, Dissertations, theses. Online course materials,
legal materials etc.,
All works cited whether in direct quoted or paraphrased must be included in
reference list.
Alphabetical order by the author surname.
Hanging indent paragraph style and double space the entire reference list.
Should include DOI (Digital Object Identifier) this is the number use to identify the
electronic documents. If DOI not available include URL.
Reference elements are Author, Year, Title, Source.

15. Hanging Indent Paragraph
Style
Type the references, leaving all lines
left-justified.
Highlight all references, then right-
click and select Paragraph.
Under Special, select Hanging. Under
By, it should be set to 0.5".
Set Spacing to 0 pt Before and After
and Line spacing to Double.
Put a checkmark next to ‘Don’t add
space between paragraphs of the
same style.’
Click OK.

18. Sample Reference Format
Books(Printed or Ebook)
Author Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. (Date). Title. Publisher. DOI # (if available)
Authored book without a DOI” (APA, 2020, p. 321),
Example: Reef, C. (2016). Florence Nightingale: The courageous life of the legendary
nurse. Clarion
Authored book with a DOI” (APA, 2020, p. 321),
Example: Von Arx, T., & Lozanoff, S. (2017). Clinical oral anatomy: A comprehensive
review for dental practitioners and researchers. Springer.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41993-0

19. Chapter in an Edited book
Chapter Author Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. (Year).
Chapter title. In Editor’s First Initial. Last Name & Editor’s First
Initial. Last Name (Eds.), Book title (edition #, pp. xx– xx). Publisher.
Example:
Molinari, D., & Guo, R. (2018). An updated literature review of the
rural nursing theory. In C. A. Winters & H. J. Lee (Eds.), Rural
nursing: Concepts, theory, and practice (5th ed., pp. 45–62).
Springer.

20. Dictionary, Thesaurus, or Encyclopedia
O’Toole, M. (Ed.). (2017). Mosby’s dictionary of medicine, nursing &
health professions (10th ed.). Elsevier.
“Entry in a dictionary…with group author” (APA, 2020, p. 328),
example:
Oxford University Press. (n.d.). Jog. In Oxford advanced learner's
dictionary. Retrieved October 28, 2019, from
https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/definition/english/jog_1

21. Periodicals (Journals)
Author Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. (year). Title. Title of Periodical, volume#(issue#), pages of article. DOI # (if
available)
Example:
Mishra, N. J., & Ganvir, S. (2018). Meta-analysis on Physiotherapy Modalities used in Patients of total Knee Replacement for Pain
Relief. Indian Journal of Physiotherapy & Occupational Therapy, 12(4), 67–72. https://doi.org/10.5958/0973-5674.2018.00082.5
“Journal…without a DOI, from most academic research databases or print version” (APA, 2020, p. 317),
Example:
Banerjee, S., Chakraborty, A., & Pal, T. K. (2016). Probiotics: A review. Journal of Indian Dental Association, 10(3), 25–29.
“Journal article without a DOI, with a non database URL” (APA, 2020, p. 317),
Example:
Stephens, T. M. (2019). Building Personal Resilience. American Nurse Today, 14(8), 10–15.
ttps://www.americannursetoday.com/building-personal-resilience/

22. Newspaper Article” (APA, 2020, p. 320)
Example:
Griffin, J. (2019, October 15). As Medicare open
enrollment begins, many Florida seniors eye
‘Advantage’ plans. Tampa Bay Times.
https://www.tampabay.com/news/health/2019/
10/15/as-medicare-open-enrollment-begins-many-
florida-seniors-eye-advantage-plans/

23. Websites
Note: Omit website name if same as author)
Author Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. (Date). Title. Website name. URL
Webpage on a website with a group author (APA, 2020, p. 351),
Example:
American Heart Association. (2018, August 1). Spend time in nature to reduce stress and anxiety.
https://www.heart.org/en/healthy-living/healthy-lifestyle/stress- management/spend-time-in-nature-to-
reduce-stress-and-anxiety.
Webpage on a website with an individual author” (APA, 2020, p. 351),
Example:
Alessi, C. (n.d.). Looking at global perspectives for diabetes prevention. American Medical Association.
https://www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/diabetes/looking-global- perspectives-diabetes-prevention

24. Conclusion
 We cite the resources to enhance our knowledge domain, as well as
show our research as well as give credit to original source and avoid
Plagarism . APA Manual 7th Edition is an requisite resource for
researchers, students and professionals to achieve excellence in
writing the reports and make an impact with their work.
 For more Details
 https://www.scribbr.com/apa-style/alphabetizing-
reference-list-according-apa-rules/
 https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-
7th-edition/
 https://www.ru.nl/library/library/library-locations/social-
sciences/news/social-sciences/new-7th-edition-apa-
publication-manual/

25. Thank
You