This is an edited version of the APA Citation Basics I found here. Credits to the owner of the document.

1. THE BASICS OF APA
FORMATTING

2. IMPORTANCE OF
CITATION ON WORKS
As you know, it is very important to cite your sources. If you don't, you could be
committing plagiarism, which is the act of using other people's words,
thoughts, or ideas without giving proper credit.
Today, you will learn some of the basics of citing sources using the American
Psychological Association (APA) style.

3. What is the
APA style?
The APA Style was created by the American Psychological Association with the intention of
providing social scientists like psychologists and anthropologists with a standardized way to
attribute sources. It is primarily used in the social sciences.
This is the largest professional organization of psychologists in the United States with
more than 100,000 members including consultants, students, scientists, educators, and
clinicians.

4. Why APA
style?
Widely used by scholars in social sciences
The reputation of the organization
Language of the academia
According to Spicer (2019) in Colorado State University Global:

5. In-text
Citations
Direct Quotes
Paraphrasing
Summary
In-text citations are used to cite information that you have taken from
another source and used in your paper in the form of:

6. In-text
Citations
the author’s name and the date of publication
for quotations and close paraphrases, provide the author’s name, date of publication,
and a page number
In using in-text citations, whenever you use a source, provide in parenthesis:
Example: Life is meaningless when one does not cherish every minute (Nares, 2021).
Example:
Life is meaningless when one does not cherish every minute (Nares, 2021, p.35)

7. IN-TEXT CITATIONS:
FORMATTING
QUOTATIONS/SUMMARY
With a signal phrase:
Nares (2018) found out that university prayers intend to ask for wisdom, guidance, and protection from
the Almighty, which is different from personal prayers, which are more on expressing thanks for what has
been experienced.
Without a signal phrase:
University prayers intend to ask for wisdom, guidance, and protection from the Almighty, which is
different from personal prayers, which are more on expressing thanks for what has been experienced
(Nares, 2019).

8. IN-TEXT CITATIONS:
A Work with Two Authors
When citing a work with two authors, use “and” in-between authors’ names in the signal phrase, but use“&”
between their names in parenthesis.
With signal phrase:
According to the research of Hester and Lilley (2017), there is a high withdrawal in rape cases committed as
part of domestic abuse as compared to higher conviction rates for rapes committed by strangers when
compared with other types of cases, which is according to Rumney et al. (2016).
Without signal phrase:
There is a high withdrawal in rape cases committed as part of domestic abuse (Hester & Lilley, 2017) as
compared to higher conviction rates for rapes committed by strangers when compared with other types of
cases (Rumney et al., 2016).

9. IN-TEXT CITATIONS:
A Work with Three to Five
Authors
When citing a work with three to five authors, identify all authors in the signal phrase
or in parenthesis.
In subsequent citations, only use the first author's last name followed by "et al." in the
signal phrase or in parentheses.
Example: (Nares, Avila, Seguritan, & Otero, 2021)
Example: (Nares et al., 2021)

10. IN-TEXT CITATIONS:
A Work with Six or More
Authors
When citing a work with six or more authors, identify the first author's last name
followed by "et al." in the signal phrase or in parentheses.
Example: (Nares et al., 2021)

11. IN-TEXT CITATIONS:
A Work of Unknown
Author
When citing a work of an unknown author, cite the article’s full title in double
quotation marks
Use the abbreviation “n.d” if there is no date
Example: (“A Review on Philippine Language Policies,” 2017)
Example: (“A Review on Philippine Language Policies,” n.d.)

12. IN-TEXT CITATIONS:
Organizations
Mention the organization the first time when you cite the source in the signal
phrase or the parenthetical citation.
If the organization has a well-known abbreviation, include the abbreviation in
parenthesis the first time the source is cited and use only the abbreviation in
later citations
Example: According to the Philippine Statistics Authority (2019)…
Example: The Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) (2019) mentioned that last
year’s reports were based on the PSA…

13. REFERENCES:
Basic Format for Books
Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle. Location:
Publisher.
Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods
approach. 3rd ed. Los Angeles: Sage.

14. REFERENCES:
Article form an Online
Periodical
With DOI Assigned
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of publication). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume
number, page range. doi:0000000/000000000000
Sharifi, & Ebrahimi (2012). Assessing speech acts of curses and prayers in persian. Theory
and Practice in Language Studies 2(9). doi:10.4304/tpls.2.9.1911-1916

15. REFERENCES:
Article form an Online
Periodical
With NO DOI Assigned
Online scholarly journal articles without a DOI require the URL of the journal home page.
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of publication). Title of article. Title of Journal,
volume number. Weblink
Kenneth, I. A. (2000). A Buddhist response to the nature of human rights. Journal of
Buddhist Ethics, 8. http://www.cac.psu.edu/jbe/twocont.html

16. REFERENCES:
Online Encyclopedias and
Dictionaries
Online Encyclopedias and Dictionaries
Often encyclopedias and dictionaries do not provide bylines (authors' names). When no
byline is present, move the entry name to the front of the citation. Provide publication dates
if present or specify (n.d.) if no date is present in the entry.
Feminism. (n.d.). In Encyclopædia Britannica online. Retrieved from
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/724633/feminism

17. REFERENCES:
Web Document, Web Page,
or Report
List as much of the following information as possible
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of publication). Title of document. http://Web
address
Angeli, E., Wagner, J., Lawrick, E., Moore, K., Anderson, M., Soderland, L., & Brizee, A.
(2010, May 5). General format. http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/

18. "A Mouse Named Zac"
by Katie Keller
Published by Hello
Books, 1987
QUESTION #1
Cite the book for a bibliopgraphy in APA Style:

19. https://www.reallygreatsite.com
It is easy to make money online.
All you need is business acumen, a credit card, and some luck.
"How to Make Money Online"
by June Hart
August 21, 2019
W E L C O M E T O W R I T I N G A R T I C L E S F O R F R E E
QUESTION #2
Cite the website article for a bibliopgraphy in APA Style:

20. "The Death of Romance in Cinema"
by Barry Hedder
January 1999
CELLULOID JOURNAL
QUESTION #3
Create an APA in-text citation for the print journal article:

21. 1
3
2
Keller, K. (1987). A Mouse Named Zac.
Hello Books.
(Hedder, 1999)
Hart, J. (2019, August 21). How to Make
MoneyOnline.WRITINGARTICLESFORFREE
https://www.reallygreatsite.com
ANSWER KEY
Let's check your
knowledge of the
APA Style

22. REMEMBER
The APA Style is primarily used in the social sciences.
Citation and referencing style depend on the institution's
research policy.
In MCM, the APA style is preferred.

23. Always remember to avoid plagiarism by
citing your sources in the correct manner,
depending on the prescribed method.
DON'T FORGET TO GIVE CREDIT
WHERE ITS DUE!