4. INTRODUCTION :
Reference is a one of the important part of any
Research paper, Assignment , Essays and others
documents. On this part the writer quote the
sources where he/she collect the information and
study the information for the purpose to prepare
the draft. This referencing part helps to user,
those who refer or value the paper to know the
authentication of the information in the article or
report or other forms of research work.
5. American Psychological Association { APA}
APA method of referencing style developed by social
and Behavioral Scientists to standardize the scientific writing.
APA Documentation system is commonly used in the
Social and Education as well as in the field such as Nursing .it is a
parenthetical documentation system. That means you will place
citations to sources in our own sentence.[usually the author’s last
name and year of publication].
Research Reports.
Empirical studies.
Literature Review.
Theoretical articles.
Case studies. And
Methodological Articles.
APA Style used for :
6. Creating the Reference list :
Begin the reference list on a page and title the page Reference
(not in italics )list only sources you have cited. The purpose of a
reference lists to help readers to find the sources you used ,
therefore the reference list should be as accurate and complete as
possible. It contain the followings :
Author name or names
Publication date.
Title of the work.
Publication data.
Format of the Reference List :
Title
Spacing
Capitalization
7. APA Reference Style Guide :
When one author
Mikulincer , m.(1990) Judgement of control and
Depression: the role of self-esteem threat &self –focused
attention . Cognitive Theory and Research.589-608.
Periodicals : Authors A,B & C, title of the Article, title
of Periodicals.
Personnel communication.
According to T.K. Lutes (personnel communication.)
April 18 2001.
Website : http://it.ump.edu/rainbow.
8. Modern Language Association { MLA }
MLA Documentation is commonly used in
English and foreign language and literature courses as
well as in other disciplines in the Humanities .It is a
simple and straight forward .
MLA Document style does not require a title page
you can include the followings
Your name.
The professor’s name.
The course name.
The date you submit the essay.
.
9. Creating the Reference list :
under MLA method reference sheet
called as “Works Cited List” it does not require you to
create a cover page and no require Bold ,underline the
research papers title.
works cited entries:
Name of the Author
Book title and Book edition.
Published year and Publisher.
Place of published.
Page number.
10. PAPER FORMAT :
Margins : one inch on all sides.
Double – spaced.
12 points type font size.
Provide a double – spaced entry in the top left corner of the
page that lists your name, your Instructor’s name the Course
and the date.
Page are numbered 1,2,3…. Starting with the title page and
including the reference page.
Header : APA - one or two words of your Title and the page
Number in the top right-hand corner.
MLA- each page must have your Name and page
Number.
11. MLA Reference Style Guide :
One author :
Burke, kenneth, Language as
Symbolic action: Essays on life literature and
method, Berkely :University of California 1966.
Personnel Interview :
Burgess, Carl,(email interview) 3 Feb.2000
12. Comparison of MLA and APA Methods.
Used in Humanities and
English Essays.
Reference page called
“works cited”.
Header contain last name
and page number.
MLA work cited Contain
Author name , publication,
Year of publication,
Number of copies.
Used in social science ,
Psychological and social
work.
Reference page called as a
Reference page.
Header contain one word
title and page number.
APA method contain name
of the author and title of
work and place.
MLA method APA method
13. Work cite not contain
page number of
researcher Referred
book.
First line of each entry is
at the left margin.
Double spacing for each
word.
No use of italic ,Bold .
Work cite contain page
number of researcher
Referred book.
Five spaces for the first
word of each paragraph.
Double spacing for each
word.
No use of ,Bold ,
Underline.
19. CONCLUSION
MLA and APA method are not have a
much difference and some of the contents are
similar in this two method . Reference means
coating the source where we gathered the
information there are many methods we are
having to coat the reference. Most of the
researchers are using MLA and APA methods of
referencing.
20. BIBLIOGRAPHY :
URL : http://MLA v/s APA method of Referencing.
URL : http:// MLA and APA style.pdf
