Disaster management

1. DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
Prepared by
Sreetha Akhil
MSc Nsg

2. 2017

4. INTRODUCTION
The Disaster Management is a type of management and
organization having resources and duties to deal with the
entire human characteristics of the emergencies in a
particular response, recovery, and preparedness to
reducing the effect of the disasters

5. CENTRAL OBJECTIVE
By the end of the seminar, learners will acquire
adequate knowledge and insight regarding Disaster
management and apply this knowledge in for the
learning, clinical practice and administration with
the positive attitude.

6. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
By the end of the seminar, students will be able to
 define Disaster management
 understand the classification of Disaster
 appreciate principles of disaster management
 elaborate disaster management cycle
 explain nurses role in disaster management
 focus the different models of disaster management

7. DISASTER
It is any occurrence that causes damage ,economic
disruption, loss of human life and deterioration of health
and health service on a scale sufficient to warrant an
extraordinary response from outside the affected
community or area.
( WHO)

8. Disaster can be defined as an overwhelming ecological
disruption, which exceeds the capacity of a community
to adjust and consequently requires assistance from
outside.
( Pan American health organization)

9. Disaster is an event , natural or manmade , sudden or
progressive, which impacts with such severity that the
affected community has to respond by taking
exceptional measures.
( W. Nick Carter)

10. CLASIFICATION OF DISASTER
DISASTER
NATURAL
MAN
MADE

11. 1. Meteorological disasters
Meteorological disasters are
caused by extreme weather
• Storms(cyclones, typhoons,
snowstorms), cold spells,
heat waves, and droughts
• Landslides, avalanches,
mudflows and floods

12. 2. Telluric and Teutonic
disaster
• Disaster originate
underground
• Earthquake, volcanic
eruption, and Tsunami

13. 3. Biological disaster
Communicable
diseases, epidemic
and insects
swarms.

14. MANMADE DISASTER
• Warfare
• Civil disasters
• Technological failures

15. Levels of Disasters

16. THE DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
CYCLE

17. 1. Disaster event
• This refers to the
real-time event of
the hazard
occurring and
affecting elements
of risk

18. 2. Response and relief
Disaster response is the sum
total of actions taken by
people and institutions in the
face of disaster.

19. Aims
 To ensure the survival of the maximum possible number of
victims ,keeping them in the best possible health in the
circumstances.
 To re-establish self sufficiency and essential services as quickly
as possible
 To repair or replace damaged infrastructure and re-generate
viable economic activities.

20. 3. Recovery
Rehabilitation and reconstruction complete the
disaster recovery phase. This period following
the Emergency phase focus on activities that
enable victims to resume normal viable life
and means of livelihood.

21. • Rehabilitation – It is the action taken in the
aftermath of a disaster to enable basic services to
resume functioning, assist victims self help efforts to
repair dwelling and community facilities and facilitate
revival of economic activities including agriculture.

22. • Reconstruction
Reconstruction is the permanent construction or
replacement of severely damaged physical structure.
Reconstruction must be fully integrated into ongoing
long term development taking account of future
disaster risk

23. Disaster mitigation
Mitigation is the effort to reduce loss of life and
property by lessening the impact of disasters.
Effective mitigation requires that we all understand local
risks, address the hard choices and invest in long-term
community well- being.

24. Goals of Disaster Mitigation
• Avoid or reduce the potential losses from hazards
• Assure prompt and appropriate assistance to
victims of disaster
• Achieve rapid and effective recovery.

25. ACTIONS
• Engineering
Engineering measures are those that
result in stronger individual
structures that are more resistant to
hazard.

26. • Spatial planning
Many hazards of localized with their
likely effect confined to specific known
areas. For example flood affect
floodplains, and landslides effect
steep soft slope.

27. • Economic
Economic development is key to disaster
mitigation. Strong economy is the best
protection against a future disaster. A
strong economy means more money to
spend on stronger building safer sites
and largest financial reserves to cope
with the future losses.

28. • Societal
Mitigation planning should aim to develop
a disaster safety culture one in which the
general public is fully aware about
potential hazards uses to protect itself as
fully as possible and can readily support
protective effort made on its behalf.

29. Preparedness
• It includes the formulation and development of viable
emergency plans, of the warning system the maintenance of
inventories and the training of personnel.
• The aim of disaster preparedness are to minimise the adverse
effect of a hazard through effective precautionary actions and
to ensure timely appropriate and efficient organisation and
delivery of emergency response

30. Components of disaster
preparedness
• Assessing vulnerability
• Planning
• Information system
• Resource base
• Warning system
• Public education and training
• Rehearsals (drill)

31. models
1.THE TRADITIONAL
MODEL

32. 2. THE EXPAND-
CONTRACT MODEL

33. Kimberly’s model for
managing complex disaster events
recovery
mitigat
ion
response
prepar
edness

34. HOSPITAL DISASTER PLAN
The hospital is an integral part of
the society and it has great role to
play in the disaster management.
Every Hospital Big or small, public
or private has to prepare a disaster
plan.

35. Objectives of hospital disaster plan
 Preparedness of staff, optimising of resources and mobilization of the
logistics and supplies within short notice
 To make community aware about the hospital disaster plan and
benefits of plan
 Training and motivation of the staff
 To carry out mock drills
 Documentation of the plan and making Hospital staff aware about the
various steps of the plan

36. Designing of hospital disaster plan
1. Disaster Management Committee
• Director of the hospital
• HOD of accidents and emergency services
• All heads of the department
• Nursing superintendent
• Hospital administrator
• Representatives of the staff

37. Functions
• Prepare a hospital disaster plan for the hospital
• Assign duties to the staff
• Establishment of criteria for emergency care
• To conduct supervise and evaluate the training programs
• To supervise the mock drills
• Updating of plans as need arises
• Organise community awareness programmes

38. Disaster drill
A disaster drill is an exercise in
which the people simulate the
circumstances of a disaster so that
they have an opportunity to
practice their response

39. Features
• On the basic level drills can include responses by
individual to protect themselves, such as learning
how to shelter in place, understanding what to do in
an evacuation, and organising meet up points so that
people can find each Other after a disaster.

40. • Disaster drills handle topics like what to do when
communications are cut off, how to deal with lack of
access to equipment, tools, and even basic services
like water and power, and how to handle back
patients.
• It also provides a chance to practice for events such
as Mass casualties which can occur during a disaster.

41. • Regular disaster drills are often required for public
buildings like government offices and schools
Benefits
• Used to identify weak points in disaster response plan
• To get people familiar with the steps they need to take so
that their response in a disaster will be automatic

42. Role of nurses in
disaster management

43. In disaster preparedness
1. To facilitate preparation with community
2. To provide updated record of vulnerable population
within community
3. Nurse leads a preparedness effort
4. Nurse play multi role in community

44. 5. Nurse should have understanding of community
resources
6. Disaster nurse must be involved in community
organisation

45. In disaster response
1. Nurse must involve in community assessment case
finding and referring, prevention, health education and
surveillance.
2. Once rescue workers begin to arrive at the scene,
immediate plans for triage should begin

46. 3. Nurse works as a member of assessment team
4. To be involved in ongoing surveillance

47. In disaster recovery
1. Successful recovery preparation
2. Health teaching
3. Psychological support
4. Referrals to hospital as needed
5. Remain alert for environmental health

48. Reference
Books
 Dave P K. Emergency medical service and Disaster management. Jaypee publication.New delhi;
 Vati J. Principles & Practice of Nursing Management & Administration for BSc & MSc Nursing. New
Delhi: Jaypee Brother Medical Publishers Pvt Ltd; 2013
 Huber DL. Leadership & Nursing Care Management. Third Edition. Pennsylvania: Saunders Elseivier;
2006
 Basanthappa BT. Nursing Administration. Second Edition. New Delhi: jaypee Brothers; 2009
 Deepak K. Chandran SC. Kumar. A comprehensive textbook on nursing management. Bangalore:
EMMESS medical Publishers; 2013
 Kumari N. Textbook of management of Nursing services and education. Third updated edition. Jalandhar
city: S. Vikas and company publishers; 2011