3. Introduction
Vitamins are organic bio-molecules which are
required by a living organism in micro
quantities and is to be derived from food
sources as they can’t be synthesized in the
body (with the exception of Vitamin D and
Niacin)
FAT SOLUBLE
I. Vit A
II. Vit D
III. Vit E
IV. Vit K
4. TOCOTRIENOLS
Found in high concentrations in
palm oil
More potent as anti-oxidant than
are tocopherols
Poorly assimilated by digestion
Poorly distributed to tissues in
blood
Rapidly metabolized &eliminated
from the body.
Well-absorbed by the skin
Used as a Vitamin E cream
5. CHEMISTRY OF VITAMIN-E
(TOCOPHEROLS)
Family of eight molecules having a chromanol
ring
• i.e.,Chroman ring with an alcoholic hydroxyl
group
12-carbon aliphatic side chain containing two
methyl groups in the middle and two more
methyl groups at the end
7. TYPES OF TOCOPHEROL
On the basis of methyl group position
α -tocopherol : 5,7,8 trimethyltocol
β -tocopherol : 5,8 dimethyl tocol
γ -tocopherol :7,8 dimethyl tocol
δ -tocopherol : 8 methyl tocopherol
8. FACTS
▧α-tocopherol -- Found most abundantly in
wheat germ oil, sunflower, and safflower oils
▧γ-tocopherol -- Found in corn oil, soybean
oil, margarine, and dressings
9. D-Alpha Tocopherol
Used as a Dietary supplement in
Soft Gel Capsules/ Tablets/ Liquids/
Powders, etc with ingredients
imparting medical or health benefits.
Manufacturer:
10. Daily
intake
Infants
0 to 6 months: 4 mg/day
7 to 12 months: 5 mg/day
Children
1 to 3 yrs: 6 mg/day
4 to 8 yrs: 7 mg/day
9 to 13 yrs: 11 mg/day
≥14 yrs : 15 mg/day
12. Physicochemical properties
▧Colour : pale yellow
▧State : oil
▧Solubility : soluble in fats and organic
solvents. hence it is stored in the adipose
tissue of the body
▧Stability : It is thermostable and
chemostable compound
▧Hence acids and basis by the process of
hydrogenation or high temperature up
to1800°C.Long exposure to UV- Radiation and
oxidising agents can destroy vitamin E.
13. Function
Antioxidant property -- prevents the non-enzymatic
oxidations of various cell components by molecular
oxygen and free radicals such as superoxide and
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
Vitamin E is lipophilic in character and is found in
association with lipoproteins, fat deposits and cellular
membrane
Increases the synthesis of heme by enhancing the
activity of enzyme – δ aminolevulinic acid (ALA)
synthase and ALA dehydratase.
Associated with reproductive function and Prevents
sterility.
Prevents the oxidation of Vitamin A and carotenes
17. CNTD….
SOURCE: Soy and Sunflower .
Sunflower based D Alpha Tocopherol is an increasing
demand due to Its Non Allergen properties.
Low viscosity and high concentrations make D-Alpha Tocopherol
ideal for soft gel capsules.
Products developed - Various Concentrations are present
18. Commercially available
▧Evion(merck) -200mg,400mg,600mg
soft gelatin capsules.
▧E-cap ------- 200mg,400mg capsules
▧.Edge --------400 IU of gelatin
capsules.
▧Tocofer----- 200mg,400mg capsules.
▧Monovitin--- 100 IU,200 IU,400 IU
capsules.
Preparation
Vitamin E
preparations are
available in single
form(ᾀ tocopherol)
or with one or
more other
additives.
21. Absorbed along with fat in the upper
small intestine.
Combines with Bile salts (micelles)
to form mixed micelle
Dietary vitamin E is incorporated into
chylomicrons of Mucosal cells
Transport vitamin E to the peripheral
tissue or liver.
Hepatic vitamin E is incorporated to
VLDL (VLDL to LDL).Transported with
LDL to reach the peripheral tissues
22. Continued……
Storage: Mainly stored in liver and adipose
tissue
Present in biological membranes, because of its
affinity to phospholipids
23.
24. USES OF VITAMIN E
Block the formation of nitrosamines.
Higher intake of vitamin E with a decreased incidence
of prostate cancer
Topical applications,including treating burns
Reducing wrinkles
Healing irritations.
Treating skin problems & diseases such as soriasis.
preventing skin damage due to its sun protection
quality
vitamin E lotions help soften the appearance of
acne and surgical scars.
