Howard Gardner has given Theory of Multiple Intelligences

1. Howard Gardner’s Theory of
Multiple Intelligence
BY - SHIVANGI AGGARWAL
XII B

2. Howard
Gardner
American Psychologist

3. Howard Gardner was born on July 11, 1943
in Scranton, Pennsylvania. He described
himself as "a studious child who gained
much pleasure from playing the piano." He
completed his post-secondary education at
Harvard, earning his undergraduate degree
in 1965 and his Ph.D. in 1971.
After spending time working with two very
different groups, normal and gifted children
and brain-damaged adults, Gardner
began developing a theory designed to
synthesize his research and observations.
In 1983, he published Frames of Mind which

4. Theory of Multiple Intelligences
• Howard Gardner proposed the theory of
multiple intelligences. According to him,
intelligence is not a single entity rather; rather
distinct types of intelligences exist. Each of
these intelligences are independent of each
other. This means that, if a person exhibits
one type of intelligence, it does not
necessarily indicate being high or low on other
types of intelligences.

5. Gardner also put forth that different types of
intelligences interact and work together to find a
solution to a problem. Gardner studied
extremely talented persons, who had shown
exceptional abilities in their respective areas,
and described eight types of intelligence.

7. LINGUISTIC
It is the capacity to use language
fluently and flexibly to express
one’s thinking and understand
others. Persons high on this
intelligence are ‘word-smart’, i.e.,
they are sensitive to different
shades of word meanings, are
articulate, and can create
linguistic images in their mind.
Poets and writers are very strong
in this component of intelligence.

8. • Enjoys writing
• Good at editing
• Avid Reader
• Uses fancy words
• Enjoys word games
• Speaks of what they
read
• Remembers quotes
• Likes puns and rhymes
• Enjoys foreign
languages
Linguistic Careers
• Copywriter
• Court Reporter
• Editor
• Journalist
• Lecturer
• Broadcaster/Newscaste
r
• Speech Pathologist
• Teacher
• Translator/Interpreter
Linguistic
Characteristics

9. LOGICAL-MATHEMATICAL
These skills are used in scientific
thinking and problem solving.
Persons high on this intelligence can
think logically and critically. They
engage in abstract reasoning, and
can manipulate symbols to solve
mathematical problems. Scientists
and Noble Prize winners are likely to
be strong in this component. They
do well with quantitative methods
that rely on the researcher’s ability
to observe and reach a verifiable
conclusion.

10. Logical
Characteristics
• Rational
• Objective
• Good at strategy games
• Likes numbers
• Seeks precision
• Grasps complex data
• Factual
• Logical
• Good at math
• Appreciates science
Logical Careers
• Accountant
• Computer Programmer
• Engineer
• Financial Planner
• Lawyer/Attorney
• Mathematician
• Medical Doctor
• Military Officer
• Scientist
• Math Teacher

11. SPATIAL
It refers to the abilities involves in
forming, using, and transforming
mental images. The person high on
this intelligence can easily
represent the spatial world in the
mind. They have a keen sense of
direction and often enjoy maps.
They have a sharp sense of space,
distance and measurement. They
usually enjoy visual arts such as
drawing, painting and photography.
They can visualize anything related
to art, fashion, decoration and
culinary design before creating it.

12. Spatial
Characteristics
• Notices colors and shapes
• Can visualize anything
• Good at visual puzzles
• Enjoys geometry
• Loves to draw and paint
• Enjoys photography
• Appreciates books with
pictures
• Good with directions
• Remembers places vividly
• Good at artistic composition
Spatial Careers
• Architect
• Art Director
• Artist
• Computer Animator
• Fashion Designer
• Graphic Designer
• Interior Decorator
• Photographer
• Video Editor
• Surveyor

13. MUSICAL
It is the capacity to produce, create and
manipulate musical patterns. Persons high
on this intelligence are very sensitive to
sounds and vibrations, and in creating
new patterns of sounds. They appreciate
music and rhythm. They have a “good
ear” for music and can easily learn songs
and melodies. Some people with musical
intelligence are especially gifted at
composing, singing or playing an
instrument. They often have a song
running through their head. They often
learn well through lectures since they are
highly auditory.

14. Musical
Characteristics
• Highly auditory
• Can memorize songs
• Has good rhythm
• Notices off-key notes
• Enjoys different sounds
• Likes to sing
• Whistles or taps foot
• Talented with
instruments
• Gifted at composing
• Sensitive to noise
Musical Careers
• Choir Director
• Composer
• Conductor
• Disc Jockey
• Music Teacher
• Musician
• Record Producer
• Singer
• Songwriter
• Worship Minister

15. BODILY-KINESTHETIC
This consists of the use of the whole
body or portions of it for display or
construction of products and problem
solving. They enjoy sports and activities
that require physical exertion and
mastery. Some Kinesthetic people enjoy
the artistic side of movement such as
dance or any kind of creative
movement. These artistic types enjoy
acting and performing in front of an
audience. They have excellent motor
skills and coordination. They are very
physical and are keenly aware of their
bodies.

16. Kinesthetic
Characteristics
• Learns by doing
• Well-coordinated
• Good with hands
• Enjoys sports
• Seeks excitement
• Very active
• Crafty
• Energetic
• Enjoys the outdoors
• Athletic
Kinesthetic Careers
• Actor/Actress
• Athlete
• Carpenter
• Construction Worker
• Farmer
• Firefighter
• Park Ranger
• Mechanic
• Paramedic/EMT
• Personal Trainer

17. INTERPERSONAL
This is the skill of understanding the motives,
feelings and behaviours of other people so as
to bond into a comfortable relationship with
others. People with Interpersonal
intelligence thrive with social interaction.
They are gifted at establishing rapport with
strangers and make friends easily. They are
adept at reading, empathizing and
understanding others. People with
Interpersonal intelligence work well with
others and often have many friends. They
are masters at collaboration. Interaction,
dialogue and lively discussions are ways in
which people with Interpersonal intelligence
learn. They are enthusiastic and lively.

18. Interpersonal
Characteristics
• Extraverted
• Enjoys social events
• Loves crowds
• Empathetic
• Enjoys teaching others
• Has many friends
• Enjoys team sports
• Counsels others
• Loves meeting new people
• Sensitive to others
Interpersonal
Careers
• Clergy
• Counselor
• Diplomat
• Politician
• Public Relations
• Receptionist
• Sales Agent
• Social Worker
• Supervisor
• Manager

19. INTRAPERSONAL
This refers to the knowledge of one’s internal
strengths and limitations and using that
knowledge to effectively relate to others.
Persons high on this ability have finer
sensibilities regarding their identity, human
existence and meaning to life. People with
intrapersonal intelligence are adept at looking
inward and figuring out their own feelings,
motivations and goals. They analyze
themselves and seek understanding. They
learn independently and through reflection.
They are also good at helping others
understand themselves. They are able to
predict the reactions of themselves and
others.

20. Intrapersonal
Characteristics
• Intuitive
• Self-aware
• Spends time reflecting
• Likes to learn about self
• Philosophical
• Independent
• Enjoys journaling
• Works well alone
• Usually introverted
• Interested in self-employment
Intrapersonal
Careers
• Entrepreneur
• Farmer
• Historian
• Inventor
• Librarian
• Philosopher
• Psychologist
• Scientist
• Theologian
• Counselor

21. NATURALIST
This involves complete awareness of our
relationship with the natural world. It is
useful in recognizing the beauty of
different species of flora and fauna, and
making subtle discriminations in the
natural world. Naturalists have a special
ability to grow plants, vegetables and
fruit. They have an affinity for animals and
are good at training and understanding
them. Naturalists can easily distinguish
patterns in nature. Naturalists love to
walk, climb, camp and hike. They enjoy
the outdoors. People with Naturalist
intelligence are inspired and rejuvenated
by nature.

22. Naturalist
Characteristics
• Notices natural patterns
• Learns through natural
contact
• Upset by pollution
• Comfortable with animals
• Good at gardening
• Appreciates plants
• Appreciates scenic views
• Inspired by nature
• Enjoys outdoor activities
• Aware of weather changes
Naturalist Careers
• Animal Trainer
• Breeder
• Farmer
• Park Ranger
• Geologist
• Horticulturist
• Landscaper
• Marine Biologist
• Veterinarian
• Arborist