Diuretics: Definition, Classification, Types of Edema (Study of the following category of medicinal compounds with respect classification, chemical name, chemical structure (compounds with * mark), uses, stability and storage conditions, different types of formulation & their popular brand names) Acetazolamide, Frusemide*, Bumetanide, Chlorthalidone, Benzthiazide, Metolazone, Xipamide, Spironolactone

1. Presented by:- Shalini N. Barad
Lecturer,
Appasaheb Birnale College of Pharmacy

2. 1. Diuretics: Definition, Classification, Types of Edema
(Study of the following category of medicinal
compounds with respect classification, chemical name,
chemical structure (compounds with * mark), uses,
stability and storage conditions, different types of
formulation & their popular brand names)
a) Acetazolamide,
b) Frusemide*,
c) Bumetanide,
d) Chlorthalidone,
e) Benzthiazide,
f) Metolazone,
g) Xipamide,
h) Spironolactone

3.  DIURETICS:-
Are the drugs which are increase rate of urine excretion
by kidney.
 E.g. acetazolamide, frusemide, chlorthiazide,
hydrochlorthiazide.

4.  Diuretics are useful in the different types of edemas
1) Cardiac edema (CHF)
2) Nutritional edema
3) Cirrhosis of liver
4) Pregnancy edema
5) Edema due to mineralocorticoids.

7. CLASSIFICATION
(a) Thiazide diuretics: Chlorthalidone,
Benzthiazide
(b) Thiazide-like diuretics: Metolazone,
Xipamide
(c) Loop diuretics: Frusemide*, Bumetanide
(d)Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors:
Acetazolamide
(e)Potassium sparing diuretics:
Spironolactone
(f) Osmotic diuretics: Mannitol

11. 1. Acetazolamide
 Uses:
1) It is used to reduce edema (excess fluid retention).
2) It is also used for the treat of glaucoma, epilepsy
3) It is also used for the treatment of hypertension.
 Stability and storage conditions: It is stored in tightly
closed amber colour container, protected from light and
moisture. It should be stored below 25°C.
 Formulations:
1) Acetazolamide Tablets IP
2) Acetazolamide extended release capsule IP
3) Acetazolamide powder for solution IP
 brand names: Diamox, Zolamide

12.  2. Frusemide:
 chemical structure

 Chemical name : 4-chloro-2-
furfurylamino-5-sulphamoylbenzoic acid

13.  Uses:
1) It is used as diuretics
2) It is used for the treatment of hypertension,
3) It is used to treat liver cirrhosis renal diseases
4) It is also used in edema in congestive heart failure
(CHF).
 Stability and storage conditions: It is stored in
tightly closed container away from light.
 Formulations:
1) Frusemide Tablets IP
2) Frusemidem Injection IP
 brand names: Frusenex, Lasix, Salinex

14. 3. Bumetanide:
 Uses:
1) It is used to reduce edema associated with congestive
heart failure,
2) It is also used to reduce edema in liver and kidney
diseases.
 Stability and storage conditions: It is stored in well
closed airtight amber color container.
 Pharmaceutical Formulations :
 (1) Bumetanide Injection I.P.
 (ii) Bumetanide Oral Solution I.P.
 (iii) Bumetanide Tablets I.P.
 Brand Names: Bumet, Bumex and Burinex.

15. 4. Chlorthalidone:
 Uses:
1) It is used to treat high blood pressure,
2) It is also used to treat edema associated with cardiac
failure, liver failure and nephrotic syndrome,
 Stability and storage conditions: Chlorthalidone is
stable to heat and photolytic conditions but it
undergoes degradation under acid, alkali and oxidative
conditions stored in a tight, amber color container at
controlled room temperature (20 to 25°C)
 Formulations:
1) Chlorthalidone Tablets IP
 brand names: HygrotonThalitone

16. 5. Benzthiazide:
 Uses:
1) It is used for the treatment of hypertension
and edema.
2) It is also used to prevent renal stone form
ation.
 Stability and storage conditions: It is
stored in a well tightly closed amber color
container. It is protected from light and air.
 Pharmaceutical Formulations :
Benzthiazide tablets.
 Brand Names: Exna, Aquatag

17. 6. Metolazone
 Uses :
(i) For the treatment of hypertension,
(ii)It is used for treatment of congestive heart failure.
(iii) It is used for the treatment of edema.
 Storage: Store in tightly closed container protected from
light and moisture.
 Pharmaceutical Formulations:
 Metolazone Tablet IP.
 Brand Names: Mykrox, Zaroxolyn, Metoz and
Metolazone.

18. 7. Xipamide
 Uses:
 It is used mainly for treatment of edema.
 It is also used for treatment of hypertension.
 Storage: Stored in air tight container at room
temperature.
 Pharmaceutical Formulations :
 Xipamide Tablet IP.
 Brand Names: Aquaphor, Aquaphoril,
Aquex, Diurex and Diurexan.

19. 8. Spironolactone
 Uses:
(1) Used as a diuretic.
2) It is also used in management & treatment of
hypertension.
3) It is also used in management & treatment of heart
failure.
 Storage: It is Stored in a well closed air-tight light
resistant amber color container.
 Pharmaceutical Formulations :
(0) Spironolactone Tablet I.P.
(ii) Spironolactone Suspension IP.
(iii) Spironolactone Capsule IP.
 Brand Names: Carospir, Aldactazide, Aldactone