DEPRESSION- definition, Symptoms Antidepressants- Definition, Classification, Study of Antidepressants drugs like- Amitriptyline Hydrochloride*, Imipramine Hydrochloride, Fluoxetine*. Venlafaxine, Duloxetine, Sertraline, Citalopram, Escitalopram, Fluvoxamine, Paroxetine

1. ANTIDEPRESSANTS

3.  DEPRESSION
 Affective (Emotional) disorders are characterised by a
disturbance of mood associated with
alteration in behaviour, energy, appetite,
sleep and weight.
 In depression a person becomes persistently
sad and unhappy.


4. Depression is
common and
although it can
cause people
to kill
themselves.

5.  ANTIDEPRESSANTS :
The drug which are used to ELEVATE MOOD are called
as antidepressants.
 Antidepressants Classification:
1. Tricyclics and Tetracyclics (TCA): Imipramine,
Doxepin, Amoxepine, Amitriptyline, Nortriptyline.
2. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs): Phenelzine
Moclobemide.
3. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs):
Fluoxetine, Sertraline, Citalopram.
4. Dopamine and Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor
(DNRI): Bupropion.
5. Mood stabilizer: Lithium Carbonate.
.

6. 1. Imipramine Hydrochloride:
 Molecular Formula: C19H24N2.HCl
 Structure:
 Chemical Name: 10, 11-dihydro-5-(3-dimethyl
aminopropyl) 5-H dibenzo (b, f) azepine
hydrochloride

7.  Stability and Storage :It is affected by moist air
and light. Hence, it is stored in tightly-closed, light-
resistant containers protected from the moisture.
 Uses: It is used to treat
I)depressive illness (e.g. chronic depression and
dysrrhythmia)
(I1) anxiety disorders
(iii) anorexia nervosa
(iv) pain (due to its analgesic property)
(v) nocturnal enuresis in children
(vi) phobias (e.g. agoraphobia)
(vii) hyperactivity and attention deficit
(Viii)allergic conjunctivitis (due to topical
antihistaminic property)

8.  Formulations :tablets , capsules, injection,
mixture
 Brand Names: Impratab, Depsonil, Antidep.

9. 2. Amitriptyline Hydrochloride:
 Molecular Formula: C20H23N.HCI
 Structure:
 Chemical Name:3-(10,11-dihydro, 5H-dibenzo
[a, d] cyclohept-5-ylidine) propyl dimethyl amine,
hydrochloride.

10.  Uses: It is an antidepressant
a) It is used to treat
(i) endogenous depression
(ii) anxiety
(iii) nocturnal enuresis (bed-wetting) in children.
(iv) chronic tension headache
(v) chronic pain (neuralgia)
(b) It is also used for prophylaxis of migraine pain.
(c) It is anticholinergic and has sedative property.
 Storage and stability: Keep container tightly
closed in a dry and well-venti temperature 2-8°C
and keep in a dry place.
 Formulations: Tablet, Capsule.
 Brands: Amitone, Amitor, Eliwel.

11. 3) Fluoxetin
 M.F-C17H18F3NO
 Structure:
 Chemical Name: N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-
(trifluoromethyl)phenoxylpropan-1-amine

12.  Uses : Fluoxetine used treat
1) Depression
2) Obsessive-compulsive Disorder (thoughts that
cause distress)
3) Bulimia Nervosa (Binge eating refers to eating a
large amount of food in a short amount of time)
4) Anorexia Nervosa (AN)
5) Major Depressive Disorder
6) Major Depressive Disorder, recurrent episode
 Storage & stability: should stored tight, light-
resistant containers, 15-30°C.
 Formulations: Tablet, Capsule, Oral solution.
 Brands: Flunil, Fludac, Flupar, F-tin

13. 4. Venlafaxine:
 Molecular Formula: C17H27NO₂
 Structure:
 Chemical name: 1-[2-(dimethyl amino)-1-(4
methoxy phenyl)ethyl]cyclohexanol

14.  Uses
(1) Venlafaxine is used to treat depression.
(11) Venlafaxine is indicated in the management of
major depressive disorder.
(iii) Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), social
anxiety disorder (social phobia)
(iv) Panic disorder with or without agoraphobia. (fear
of panic attack)
(v) Venlafaxine is also used for prophylaxis of
migraine headaches,.
 Storage: Stored at controlled room temp, 20o C to
25oC
 Formulation: Tablets, Capsules, Injections
 Brand Name: Effexor, Effexor XR, Venlor, Sentosa
and Veniz-XR.

15. 5. Duloxetin:
 Storage Condition: Keep in a cool, dry place,
away from direct sunlight and moisture
 Uses: Indicated for :
(1) Management of Major Depressive Disorder.
(ii) Management of Generalized Anxiety Disorder.
(ii) Management of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
(iv) Management of fibromyalgia (muscle pain).
(viii) Management of stress urinary incontinence in
adult women.
 Pharmaceutical Formulations:Tablet, capsule,
Injection
 Brand Names: Delok, Dulane, Cymbalta,
Drizalma, Irenka and Yentreve.

16. 6. Citalopram:
 Storage Condition: Store protected from moisture,
at a temperature not exceeding 30°C
 Uses: Citalopram used to treat
1. Depression
2. Anorexia,
3. Bulimia Depression
4. Diabetic Neuropathies
5. Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)
 Formulations: Tablet, Capsule, Injection.
 Brands: Akarin, Celepra, C-Pram, Celexa.

17. 7. Paroxetine :
 Uses:
1. Paroxetine are used treat depression,
2. panic disorder (sudden, attacks extreme fear
worry about these attacks), and
3. social anxiety disorder fear interacting with
others or performing in front of others.
 Storage and stability: should kept room
temperature, 15°C-30°C.
 Formulations: Tablet, Capsule.
 Brands: Paxil, Brisdelle, Paxil Pexeva.

18. 8. Sertraline
 Uses :
 Selective Serotonin-reuptake Inhibitors. It is used
in the treatment of:
(i) Anxiety Disorders, Generalized Anxiety Disorder.
(ii) Binge Eating Disorder (BED).
(iii) Bulimia Nervosa.
(iv) Major Depressive Disorder (MDD).
(v) Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD).
(vi) Panic Disorder.
 Storage and stability: Mainly the drug should be
kept at room temperature.

19.  Formulations: Tablet
 Brands: Serdep, Inosert, Serlift, Sertima.

20. 9. Escitalopram:
 Molecular Formula: C20H21FN₂O
 Storage: Store protected from light &
moisture.
 Uses:
1. It is often used to treat depression.
2. It is sometimes used for anxiety.
3. It is also used in obsessive compulsive
disorder or panic attacks
 Formulations: Tablet
 Brands: S-Citadep, Nexto, Stalopam, S
Zetalo

21. 10. Fluvoxamine
 Uses :
(1) It is used as an anti-depressants.
(ii) Has also been used in the management of
bulimia nervosa.
 Storage : Store protected from light &
moisture.
 Pharmaceutical Formulations : Tablet
 Brand Names: Luvox, Floxyfral, Fluvoxin,
Sorest.