Psychosis- Definition, types Antipsychotic- Definition, Classification. Drugs like Chlopromazine, Haloperidol, Risperidon, Sulpiride, Olanzapine, Quetiapine, Lurasidone- Molecular formula, structure, chemical name, uses, storage, formulations, brands, etc.

1. Antipsychotics
Presented by:- Shalini N. Barad
Lecturer,
Appasaheb Birnale College of Pharmacy

2. • Psychosis: It can be defined as the psychotic illness
with serious disortation of thought, and capacity to
recognize reality and of perception and patient unable
to meet the demand of life.
• Psychosis may be :-
1) Organic psychosis:-
• There is memory disturbance, clouding of consciousness, they
may be due to endocrinal abnormalities or head injury.
2) Functional Psychosis:-
a) Manic i.e. depressive psychoses or disturbance of mood.
b) Schizophrenia in which there is disorder of thought,
emotions, motor behaviour, perception (Judgement)
c) Hallucination.

3. d) Anxiety where there is feeling of fear ap prehension
e) Paranoid state: During this state, patient having
marked percseculatory of kind of fixed delusions (false
belief) and loss of insight into the abnormality.

4. Symptoms of Schizophrenia

7. • Affective Disorders:
• Primary symptoms are change of mood state and
manifested as:
1. Mania: Elation or irritable mood, reduced sleep,
hyperactivity, uncontrollable thought and speech, may
be associated with reckless or violent behavior.
2. Depression: Sadness, guilty, physical or mental
slowing, melancholia, self destruction ideation.
• Neuroses:
• These are less serious condition. In this, patient's ability
to comprehend reality is not lost, though the patient may
undergo extreme suffering. Depending on the
predominant feature, may be manifested as :
1. Anxiety: It is an unpleasant emotional state associated
with uneasiness and concern for the feature.
2. Phobic state: In this state, the fear of unknown or of
some specific object, person or

8. 3. Obsessive compulsive: In this condition, limited
abnormalities of thought or behavior are seen in
the patient, which he is not able to overcome
even on situation is seen voluntary effort.
• (Repeatedly checking in on loved ones to
make sure they're safe. Counting, tapping,
repeating certain words, or doing other senseless
things to reduce anxiety.)
4. Reactive depression: This may be due to due to
physical illness, loss, blow to self esteem or
bereavement, but is excessive or
disproportionate.

9. 5. Hyrestical dramatic symptoms: It resembling
serious physical illness, but situational and always in
the presence of others. (needing attention)
• The antipsychotic agents are valuable in the treatment
of "psychoses". These drugs counter acting on
minimizing hallucination and delusion alleviated
psychomotor excitement and facilitates social
readjustment.
• All antipsychotics except clozapine have potent
dopamine (D2) receptor blocking acting. ockage of
dopaminergic projections to the temporal and
prefrontal area constitutes the stem and in mesolimbic
area it is responsible for antipsychotic action.

14. • Antipsychotics (neuroleptics,)
• are a class of psychotropic used to treat
psychotic disorder, (schizophrenia, mania due to
bipolar disorder, severe depression)

15. • Classification:
1.Typical antipsychotics: Typical antipsychotic
drugs act on the dopaminergic system, blocking
the dopamine type 2 (D2) receptors.
2.Atypical antipsychotics: Atypical
antipsychotics drugs have lower affinity and
occupancy for the dopaminergic receptors, and a
high degree of occupancy of the
serotoninergic receptors 5-HT2A.

17. Antipsychotic
Drugs:
1. Typical
Antipsychotic
s:
1)
Phenothiazine:
Eg-
Chlorpromazine
Thioridazine
2)Butyrophen
ones:
Eg-Haloperidol
Droperidol
3)Thioxanthen
es:
Eg- Flupenthixol
2. ATypical
Antipsychotics:
Eg-
Risperidone
Sulpride
Olanzapine
Quetiapene
Lurasidone

18. 1. Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride:
• Molecular Formula: C17H19CIN₂S
• Chemical Name: 3-(2-chlorophenothiazin-10-yl)-
N,N-dimethylpropan-1-amine
• Structure:

19. • Uses:
1. Chlorpromazine is used to treat psychotic disorders
such as schizophrenia, depression in adults.
2. It is also used in adults to treat nausea and
vomiting, anxiety before surgery, chronic hiccups,
acute intermittent porphyria, and symptoms of
tetanus.
• Storage and stability:
Chlorpromazine and its hydrochloride salt darken on
prolonged exposure to light so should be protected
from light
•Formulations: Elixir:- BP., INJ:- BP,IP. , Tab:-BP,
IP.
• Brands: Chlorpromazine, Clozine, Megatil, Talentil-
t, Talentil forte.

20. 2. Haloperidol:
• Molecular Formula: C₂H₂CIFNO₂
• Structure:
• Chemical Name: 4-(4-(4-chlorophenyl-4-
hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)butan-1-
one

21. • Uses:
1) It is a potent antipsychotic useful in schizophrenia
and in psychoses associated with brain damage.
2) It is frequently chosen as the agent to terminate
mania.
• Storage and stability:
 Store at 20 to 25°C, protect from light and do not
freeze
• Formulations: Tablet, Capsule Syrup, Injection.
• Brands: Haloperidol LA, Peridol, Mindwel,
Cizoren, Senorm, Haldol Decanoate,

22. 3. Risperidon:
• Molecular Formula: C23H27FN4O2
• Structure:
• Chemical Name: 3-(2-(4-(6-
fluorobenzo[d]isoxazol-3-ylpiperidin-1-ylethyl)-2-
met 6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-4H-pyrido[1,2-ojpyrimidin-4-
one

23. • Uses:
1) Its assistance refractory psychotic patients, with
Parkinsonism controlled.
2) Risperidone is used to treat schizophrenia, bipolar
disorder, or irritability associate with autistic
disorder.
3) It also decreases the negative (eg, withdrawal,
apathy) as well as the positive (e.g., delusions,
hallucinations) symptoms of schizophrenia.
• Storage and stability: It can be stored at
temperatures not more than 25°C for not more than
seven days.
• Formulations: Tablet, Oral solution, Injection.
• Brands: Risperdal, Risperdal Consta, and
Risperdal M, Cinris, Don Forte.

24. 4. Sulpiride:
• Molecular Formula: C15H23N3O4S
• Structure:
• Chemical Name: N-((1-ethyl-1H-pyrrol-2-
yl)methyl)-2-methoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzamide

25. • Uses:
1) It is used primarily to treat schizophrenia.
2) It is used in constipation.
3) It is used to treat dyspepsia
4) It is used in Menière's disease.
5) It is used for prevention of nausea and vomiting.
• Storage and stability: Donot store above 25°C.
• Formulations: Tablet, Oral solution, Injection,
• Brands: Dogmatil, Dolmatil, Eglonyl, Espiride,
Modal, Sulpor,

26. 5. Olanzapine:
• Molecular Formula: C17H20N4S
• Uses:
1. Olanzapine is used to treat the symptoms of
schizophrenia (a mental illness that causes disturbed
or unusual thinking, loss of interest in life, and
strong or inappropriate emotions) in adults and
teenagers 13 years of age and older.
• Storage and stability: Store at room temperature
between 20°C-25°C. Keep this drug away from light.
Don't store this medication in moist or damp areas.
• Formulations: Tablet, Injection.
• Brands: Olazax, Cypine, Joyzol, Oleanz, Zyprexa.

27. 6. Lurasidone:
• Molecular Formula: C28H36N4O₂S
• Uses:
1) Lurasidone is used to treat the symptoms of
schizophrenia in adults.
2) It is used also in acute depressive episodes.
• Storage and stability: Keep container tightly
closed in a dry and well-ventilated place, store at
temperature -20 °C.
• Formulations: Tablet, Injection.
• Brands: Atlura, Tablura, Luratrend, Latuda.

28. 7. Quetiapine:
• Molecular Formula: C21H25N3O2S
• Uses:
1) Quetiapine is used to treat certain mental/mood
disorder schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, sudden
episodes of mania or depression associated with
bipolar disorder).
2) Drugs used to treat depression can help prevent
sucidal thoughts/attempts and provide other
important benefits.
• Storage and stability: Keep in well closed
container and well-ventilated room temperature.
• Formulations: Tablet, pills
• Brands: Adequet, Pincalm, Placidin, Psynil, Q-Pin