med chem classification

1. DIURETICS
DEFINITION:
These are the drugs that promote the excretion of sodium ions or chloride ions or
bicarbonate ions and water from the body, the net result being increase in urine
flow.
CLASSIFICATION:
Diuretics can be classified by structure and mechanism of action into eight groups:
A. Structure :
1. THIAZIDES
5.XANTHINES
2. HIGH-
CEILING
DIURETICS
6.ORGANO-
MERCURIALS
3. POTASSIUM-
SPARING
DIURETICS
7.ACIDIFYING
SALTS
4. OSMOTIC
DIURETICS
8.CARBONIC ANHYDRASE
INHIBITORS

2. THIAZIDE DIURETICS: Thiazides are chemically 1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-7-
sulfonamide 1,1-dioxides.
 These are weakly acidic.
Example: chlorothiazide :
This medication is used to treat high blood pressure. Lowering high blood
pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems.
2. HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE:
Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic (water pill) that helps prevent your body
from absorbing too much salt, which can cause fluid retention.
Hydrochlorothiazide is used to treat high blood pressure(hypertension).
Hydrochlorothiazide is also used to treat fluid retention (edema)
HIGH-CEILING DIURETICS :
FUROSEMIDE:

3. USES:
Furosemide is used to treat fluid retention (edema) in people with congestive
heart failure, liver disease, or a kidney disorder such as nephrotic syndrome.
Furosemide is also used to treat high blood pressure.
ETHACRYNIC ACID:
USES:
This medicationis used to decreaseswelling (edema)caused byconditions such
as cancer, congestiveheartfailure, liver disease, and kidney disease.

4. POTASSIUM SPARING DIURETICS:
Amiloride :
Uses:
Amiloride also helps to treat or preventlow blood potassiumlevels caused bythe
otherdiuretics. Lowering high blood pressure helps preventstrokes,heartattacks,
and kidney problems.
EPLERENONE:
USES:Eplerenone is used to treat congestive heart failure after a heart attack.
Eplerenone is also used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension).
OSMOTIC DIURETICS:

5. UREA:
Urea is used to treat dry/rough skin conditions (e.g., eczema, psoriasis,corns,callus)
and somenail problems
ISOSORBIDE:
Isosorbidemononitrateis used to prevent chestpain (angina) in patients with a
certain heartcondition(coronaryarterydisease).
XANTHINE DIURETICS:
AMINOPHYLLINE:

6. USES:Aminophylline is used to prevent and treat wheezing, shortness of breath,
and difficulty breathing caused by asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and
other lung diseases. It relaxes and opens air passages in the lungs, making it easier
to breathe.
THEOBROMINE:
USES:it is used in the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension.
MERCURIALS:
Mercaptomerin Sodium (Thiomerin) :
3-(3-Carboxy-2,2,3,-trimethylcyclopentane-carbocamido)-2-
methoxypropyl(hydrogen mercapto acetate)- mercury disodium salt.
1. CHLOROMERODRIN (Neohydrin) :

7. Uses : Class of drugs that are primarily used to treat hypertension and congestive
heart failure
2. MERALLURIDE :
CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS:
Examples :
1. ACETAZOLAMIDE (Diamox) : N- [5-(aminosulfonyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-
2-yl]-acetamide .

8.  It is used for reduction of intraocular tension in galucoma. It is also used in
petitmal epilepsy (A form of epilepsy with very brief, unannounced lapses
in consciousness.)and also to alkalinise the urine.
2. DICHLORPHENAMIDE (Daranide): 4,5-Dichloro-m-benzene-
disulphonamide .
Uses: dichlorphenamide is used to treat occasional paralysis (loss of movement)
caused by high or low levels of potassium in your blood