Tablets are solid dosage forms. Taken into different routes especially through oral route.

1. TABLETS

2. CONTENTS
Definition
Types of Tablets
Manufacturing of tablets
Deffects of tablets during Manufacturing
Evaluation of tablets

3. TABLET
A tablet (also known as a pill) is
a pharmaceutical oral dosage form (oral
solid dosage, or OSD) or solid unit dosage
form. Tablets may be defined as the solid
unit dosage form of medicament or
medicaments with suitable excipients. It
comprises a mixture of active substances
and excipients, usually in powder form,
pressed or compacted from a powder into a
solid dose.

4. GENERAL PROPERTIES OF TABLETS
 A tablet must be strong and hard to withstand mechanical shock during
manufacturing, packing, shipping, dispensing and use.
 The drug content of the tablet must be bioavailable that is, the tablet must be
able to release its content in a predictable and reproducible manner.
 The tablet must be chemically and physically stable to maintain its chemical
and physical attributes during manufacture, storage, and use.
 The tablet should have elegant product identity which is free from any tablet
defect.
 Tablets must be uniform in weight and in drug content.

5. TYPES OF TABLETS
Tablets Ingested orally
Tablets Used in oral cavity
Administered by other route
Used to prepare solution

6. TYPES OF TABLETS

7. TABLETS INGESTED ORALLY
1. Compressed tablets
Compressed tablets represent a significant proportion of tablets that are
clinically used to provide systemic administration of therapeutic agents either
in an uncoated state (i.e., in their simplest form) or in a coated state. These
tablets are designed to provide rapid disintegration in the gastric fluid
following ingestion hence, allowing rapid release of the drug and, ultimately,
systemic absorption of the dosage form.
Compressed tablets

8. TABLETS INGESTED ORALLY
Compressed tablets
Compressed tablets are formed by compression of powdered, crystalline, or
granular materials into the required geometry by the application of high
pressures, utilizing steel punches and die. In addition to the Active
Pharmaceutical Ingredient(s) (APIs), compressed tablets usually contain a
number of pharmaceutical excipients e.g., bulking agents, disintegrants,
binders, lubricants, controlled-release polymers and other miscellaneous
adjuncts such as colourants and flavourants which serve different and
specialized purpose during tablet manufacture, storage, and use. Examples of
compressed tablets include tablets for oral, buccal, sublingual, or vaginal
administration.

9. TABLETS INGESTED ORALLY
2. Multi- Compressed Tablets
Multiple compressed tablets are compressed tablets made by more than one
compression cycle. They are usually prepared to separate physically or
chemically incompatible ingredients or to produce repeat or prolong action of
drug. Example:Orphenadrine citrate
Multi Compressed Tablets Multi Compressed Tablets

10. TABLETS INGESTED ORALLY
3. Controlled release Tablets
A controlled-release drug or preparation is released into the body in specified
amounts over a specified period of time. The controlled-release system is
designed to release the drug's active ingredient gradually over the day.
Example: Theophylline 400mg.
Controlled release Tablets

11. TABLETS INGESTED ORALLY
4. Sustained-release tablets
Sustained-release tablets are manufactured to be more potent but dissolve
slowly so they release small amounts of a medication into a patient's
system over an extended period of time. Controlled release technologies
allow patients and physicians to be in better control of patient health.
Example: Isoxsuprine Hydrochloride Tablets
Sustained-release tablets

12. TABLETS INGESTED ORALLY
5. Sugar Coated or Chochalate Coated Tablets
These are compressed tablets that have been coated with concentrated sugar
solution to improve patient’s compliance, increase aesthetic appeal, mask
objectionable tastes or odours, increase stability and/or modify the release of
therapeutic agent(s). Sugarcoating was once quite common but lost commercial
appeal due to the time and expertise required in the coating process, the
increase in size and weight of coated tablets, high cost of process validation
and shipping. Example: Brufen – Ibuprofen 400 mg Tablets
Sugar Coated Tablets

13. TABLETS INGESTED ORALLY
6. Film-coated tablets
 Film-coated tablets are conventional tablets coated with a thin layer of
polymer (e.g., hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose)
or a mixture of polymers (e.g., Eudragit E100) capable of forming a skin-
like film. The film is usually coloured and also impacts the same general
characteristics as sugar coating with the added advantage of being more
durable, less bulky, and less time-consuming to apply. By its composition,
the coating is designed to break and expose the core tablet at the desired
location in the gastrointestinal tract.
 Advances in material science and polymer chemistry have made these
coatings the first choice for formulation scientists. Examples of Film-coated
tablets include Curefenac 100 – Diclofenac potassium USP 100mg
(Unicure Pharmaceutical Ltd), Valsartan 320mg Film-coated Tablets (Actavis
UK Ltd), etc.

14. TABLETS INGESTED ORALLY
Film-coated tablets

15. TABLETS INGESTED ORALLY
7. Chewable tablets are big sized tablets which are difficult to swallow and
thus, are chewed within the buccal cavity prior to swallowing. They are
especially useful for administration of large tablets to children and adults who
have difficulty swallowing conventional tablets or antacid formulations in
which the size of the tablet is normally large and the neutralisation efficacy of
the tablet is related to particle size within the stomach.
 Chewable tablets are not conventionally used if the drug has issues regarding
taste acceptability. Examples of chewable tablets include Danacid –
compound magnesium trisilicate tablet B.P. (Dana Pharmaceuticals Limited),
Gestid – tasty chewable antacid (Ranbaxy) etc.

16. TABLETS USED IN ORAL CAVITY
1. Buccal Tablets
Buccal administration involves placing a drug between your gums and cheek, where it
also dissolves and is absorbed into your blood. Both sublingual and buccal drugs come in
tablets, films, or sprays. examples like Corlan®, Fentora®, and Buccastem®.
Buccal Tablets Administration

17. TABLETS USED IN ORAL CAVITY
2. Sublingual Tablets
sublingual tablets are small, flat, oval tablets that are intended to be dissolved
in the beneath the tongue (sublingual tablets) for absorption through the oral
mucosa to produce a systemic effect. These tablets are employed to achieve
either rapid absorption into the systemic circulation e.g. glyceryl trinitrate
sublingual tablets or, alternatively, to enable oral absorption of drugs that are
destroyed by the gastric juice and/or are poorly absorbed from the
gastrointestinal tract.
Sublingual Tablet administration

18. TABLETS USED IN ORAL CAVITY
3. Lozenges
Lozenges are solid dosage forms that are intended to be dissolved or
disintegrated slowly in the mouth. They contain one or more active
ingredients and are flavored and sweetened so as to be pleasant tasting.
It is generally used for their topical effect, but may also have
ingredients that produce a systemic effect. Common lozenges include
brand name products such as Chloraseptic, Delsym and Vicks.
Lozenges

19. TABLETS USED IN ORAL CAVITY
4. Dental cones
A tablet form intended to be placed in the empty socket following a tooth
extraction, for preventing the local multiplication of pathogenic bacteria
associated with tooth extractions. - The cones may contain an antibiotic or
antiseptic. Cone 150mg Tablet DT is an antifungal medicine. It is used for the
treatment of many fungal infections like Cryptococcal meningitis (fungal
infection in the brain) and Coccidioidomycosis (a disease of the lungs).
Dental cones

20. TABLETS ADMINISTERED BY OTHER ROUTE
Implantation Tablets
An implant is a medical device manufactured to replace a missing biological
structure, ... delivery devices in the form of implantable pills or drug-eluting
stents.
• Breast Implants.
• Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF) Shunt Systems.
• Cochlear Implants.
• Essure Permanent Birth Control.
• Hernia Surgical Mesh Implants.
• Metal-on-Metal Hip Implants.
• Phakic Intraocular Lenses.
• Urogynecologic Surgical Mesh Implants. AUD&OUD Treated IMPLANT

21. TABLETS ADMINISTERED BY OTHER ROUTE
Vaginal Tablets
Candifem Vaginal Tablet is the combination of two medicines: Ornidazole and
miconazole belong to the class of medicines called antifungals. It is commonly
used for the treatment of vaginal infections caused by the fungus Candida
albicans called a vaginal yeast infection.
Examples: Clotrimazole tablets, Candifem tablet.

22. TABLETS USED TO PREPARE SOLUTIONS
Effervescent tablets
Effervescent tablets are designed to release
carbon dioxide up on contact with water,
promoting their disintegration.
e.g. Dispirin tablet (Aspirin) Effervescent tablets
Dispensing tablets
A tablet prepared by molding or by compression; used by the dispensing
pharmacist to obtain certain potent substances in a convenient form for
accurate compounding. According to Taber's medical dictionary, “a tablet
that contains a clinically effective large amount of an effective drug”.

23. TABLETS USED TO PREPARE SOLUTIONS
Hypodermic tablets
A tablet that dissolves completely
in water to form an injectable solution.
Tablet triturates
A tablet made by moistening the medication mixed with a powdered lactose or
sucrose and then molding it into shape and allowing the liquid to evaporate. It
usually disintegrates readily.

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