ME 3101 Material Science

1. Dr. Mir Atiqullah
Kennesaw State University
Mir M. Atiqullah, Ph.D.
Q131
matiqull@kennesaw.edu
ME 3101
Materials Science
and Engineering
Dr. Mir Atiqullah
Kennesaw State University
Terrafugia
Transition !
Has Engineering Materials
anything to do with this?
May be.
Dr. Mir Atiqullah
Kennesaw State University
Boeing 777
A materials Engineers Feat
Dr. Mir Atiqullah
Kennesaw State University
Materials in Boeing 777
The 777 makes extensive use of lightweight, cost-effective structural materials
Less overall weight and higher efficiency of the 777.
For example, an improved aluminum alloy is used in the upper wing skin and
stringers. Known as 7055, this alloy offers greater compression strength than previous
alloys, enabling designers to save weight and also improve corrosion and fatigue
resistance.
Progress in the development and fabrication of weight-saving advanced composite
materials is evident in the 777. Carbon fibers embedded in recently available
toughened resins are found in the vertical and horizontal tails. The floor beams of the
passenger cabin also are made of these advanced composite materials.
Other composite applications include those on secondary structures such as
aerodynamic fairings. Composites, including resins and adhesives, account for twelve
percent of the 777's structural weight. This is the same type of composite material
used on the 787 Dreamliner.

2. Dr. Mir Atiqullah
Kennesaw State University
Definitions..
What is Materials Science: Fundamental knowledge about internal structure,
properties, and basic processing of materials
What is Materials Engineering: Design and processing of materials to
enhance and formulate properties and utility of materials, using the knowledge
of materials science. Modern materials engineering seeks to select (database)
and/or formulate (composite) materials for specific needs, often utilizing non-
traditional materials in traditional applications.
ENGR3101-Engr. Materials : Mostly materials science with reference to
materials engineering
Dr. Mir Atiqullah
Kennesaw State University
Materials Challenge
Very strong but light weight
High temperature resistant
Resistant to corrosion
Low friction and wear
resistant
Low electrical resistance
Semiconductor/photonic
properties
Tough -> Crack resistant
Self-healing
High temperature
superconductor
Inexpensive
Bio-friendly-recylable
Low friction/self
lubricating
Shape memory
Bio-compatible
More……
At least-what is the best
material for my gadget?
Dr. Mir Atiqullah
Kennesaw State University
Civilization and Materials
Development of and progress of civilizations have always been tied to
mankind's ability to utilize materials to fulfill it’s needs.
Some examples of civilizations known as:
Stone age
Bronze age
Iron age
Industrial Age (revolution) Iron, steam, coal
Nuclear Age
Silicon Age
Nano Tech…Fuel Cell.
Modern Era
Multiwall nano tubes
Dr. Mir Atiqullah
Kennesaw State University
Civilization and Materials
Early History- knowledge and utilization of some naturally and
commonly available materials.
Examples: Rock, salt, wood, gum/sap, mud/ceramic, sand, gemstones,
leather, wool, fat/grease, fiber from plants, ….
Earlier 20th Century- discovered internal (micro and atomic)
structures and related materials properties to structures,
processing. Examples: Alloying, heat treatment
Modern Materials Scientists and Engineers- developed the
understanding and of processing of new materials.
Examples:Composites, ceramics, polymers, various processing to
enhance properties, composites, nano-materials, etc.

3. Dr. Mir Atiqullah
Kennesaw State University
Who is a Materials Engineer?
An engineer (aero, mechanical, electrical, biomedical, civil,..)
who is knowledgeable about materials science and materials
processing.
Full time Engineer Part time Materials Scientist
Dr. Mir Atiqullah
Kennesaw State University
Class/Types of Engineering Materials
Metals – Ferrous, non-ferrous, alloys, transmetals..
Polymers/elastomer – plastics-carbon based long molecular
chains, mostly non crystalline, mostly reshapable/moldable by
heating/melting,
Ceramics/Glass – Metallic oxides, carbides, nitrides-very hard,
brittle, high temp resistant, insulator, etc..
Composites- combination of 2 or more materials, (fiber, binder,
filler.) fibrous, whisker, particulate, laminar, hybrid, foam.
Electronic/photonic- semiconductor, insulator, superconductor,
fiber optic, LCD, LED, laser diodes, …
Magnetic..Optical….
Dr. Mir Atiqullah
Kennesaw State University
Structure of common Composites
Dr. Mir Atiqullah
Kennesaw State University
Advanced materials
Utilizes high/new technology....
– Semiconductors-selective conductivity/switching electronic devices
– Bio-materials- bio-human application
– Smart materials : incorporates sensors
• Optical fibers
• Piezo-ceramics
• MEMS devices
– actuators to adapt shape, position, natural frequency, or mechanical
characteristics in response to signals received.
• Piezoelectric-deformation causes electric charge and vice versa.
• Shape memory alloy-returns to previous shape when heated
• Magnetorestrictive-responds to magnetic field
• Electro/rheological fluids- viscosity change with electro/magnetic input
– Nanoengineered (10-9 m) materials – nanotubes, nano-catalysts,

4. Dr. Mir Atiqullah
Kennesaw State University
Study of Engineering materials
Structure Properties
DESIGN
APPLICATION
SELECTION
Dr. Mir Atiqullah
Kennesaw State University
Structure of Materials
Structure – Internal make-up of materials, how the particular materials (solid) is
formed and what imparts it’s characteristics/properties.
4 levels of materials structure:
Macroscopic Structure- Structural elements of a material that may be visible with
naked eye. Example: laminate of a table top, stone chips/rods in reinforced
concrete, fibers in wood, strings in a rope/cable, etc.
Microscopic Structure- larger groups of atoms/molecules that are normally
agglomerated (bundled) together forming grains, layers etc., and are directly
observed using microscopes.
Atomic Structure- Organization of atoms/molecules in the material forming
crystalline, or other atomic level formation.
Sub-atomic structure- electrons, protons, and nucleus within individual atoms and
how they provide bonding, reactivity, conductivity etc.
Dr. Mir Atiqullah
Kennesaw State University
Types of Materials
• Metals:
– Strong, ductile
– High thermal & electrical conductivity
– Opaque, reflective.
• Polymers/plastics: Covalent bonding sharing of electrons
– Soft, ductile, low strength, low density
– Thermal & electrical insulators
– Optically translucent or transparent.
• Ceramics: ionic bonding (refractory) – compounds of metallic
& non-metallic elements (oxides, carbides, nitrides, sulfides)
– Brittle, glassy, elastic
– Non-conducting (insulators)
Dr. Mir Atiqullah
Kennesaw State University
Materials Properties
Mechanical–Responsetoa
load,compression,tension,torsion,
shear,combined
Electrical–conductivity,dielectric
constant,electricfield,Piezoelectricity,
resistivity
Thermal–Heatcapacity,thermal
conductivity,thermalexpansion
coefficient,temperaturedependant
properties
Magnetic–magnetism,magneticfield,
permanent/inducedmagnetism,..
Optical–Refractiveproperties,
reflectivity,transmissivity/opaqueness,
absorptivity,lightgenerating/emmiting
Deteriorative–Chemicalreactivity,
degradibility,recyclability,
Property Categories
Properties: nature and magnitude of response/reaction of a material to specific
situation/load/action.

5. Dr. Mir Atiqullah
Kennesaw State University
Factors Affecting
Materials Selection
for a Specific Application
Final
selection
Materials
Engineer
functions
Service Condition
Desirable properties and
their values
Properties tradeoff
Effect of
service/environment
Compare alternative for
functionalities and Cost
Database
Analysis
Dr. Mir Atiqullah
Kennesaw State University
Summary..
• Syllabus-
• Materials Engineer
• Materials classes: Metals,…
• Composites..
• 4 levels of materials structure: atomic,…
• Materials Properties: 6 categories: Mechanical, electrical, …
• Materials selection- factors are:function, service condition,
……+ database+analysis=selection.
• Reading this week : Ch 1 and 2?