PENDAHULUAN Materi Material Teknik 1.ppt

1. Materials Science

2.  Absen : 10 %
 Quis (tugas) : 20 %
 Mid Test (UTS) : 30 %
 Final Test (UAS) : 40 %

3.  Materials Science and Engineering, An
introduction, William D. Callister Jr, Wiley,
2004
 Ilmu dan Teknologi Bahan, Lawrence H. Van
Vlack (terjemahan), Erlangga, 1995
 Pengetahuan Bahan, Tata Surdia dan
Shinroku Saito, Pradnya Paramita, 1995
 Principle of Materials Science and
Engineering, William F. Smith, Mc Graw Hill,
1996

4.  The Materials World
 Materials Science and Engineering
 Types of Materials
◦ Metals
◦ Ceramics (and Glasses)
◦ Polymers
◦ Composites
◦ Semiconductors
 From Structure to Properties
 Processing Materials
 Selecting Materials

5.  History
◦ Stone Age: 2.5 million years ago
◦ Pottery Age: 4000 B.C.E
◦ Copper Age: 4000 B.C.E – 3000 B.C.E.
◦ Bronze Age: 2000 B.C.E – 1000 B.C.E.
 Foundation of metallurgy- Alloys of copper and tin
◦ Iron Age: 1000 B.C.E – 1B.C.E.
◦ Plastics Age: late 20th Century to current time
◦ Semiconductor Age: late 20th Century to current time

7.  That’s easy! Look around.
 Our clothes are made of materials, our homes
are made of materials - mostly manufactured.
Glass windows, vinyl siding, metal silverware,
ceramic dishes…
 Most things are made from many different
kinds of materials.

8.  Material adalah sesuatu yang disusun/dibuat
oleh bahan.
 Material digunakan untuk transfortasi hingga
makanan.
 Ilmu material/bahan merupakan pengetahuan
dasar tentang struktur, sifat-sifat dan
pengolahan bahan.

9.  Defined as the study of the properties of solid
materials and how those properties are
determined by a material’s composition and
structure. (VCSU, 2006)

10.  Example - the dramatic role of iron
throughout the ages is not really the result
of it being "strong". In reality, iron has been
important because we can change its
properties by heating and cooling it.
 The ability to change the properties and/or
behavior of a material is what makes most
materials useful and this is at the heart of
materials science! (MSECRC, 2006)

11.  An interdisciplinary study that combines
metallurgy, physics, chemistry, and
engineering to solve real-world problems
with real-world materials in an acceptable
societal and economical manner. (VCSU, 2006)

12.  The following elements and their interaction
define Materials Science and Engineering:
◦ Performance
◦ Properties
◦ Structure and composition
◦ Synthesis and processing (VCSU, 2006)

13.  The engineering of fantastic new materials is
not a given, but a natural outgrowth. It is
here that science and engineering almost
touch. (VCSU, 2006)

14. MatSE
Crystal structure
Defects
Microstructure
characterization Physical behavior
Response to environment
Properties
• Casting
• Forging
• Stamping
• Layer-by-layer growth
(nanotechnology)
• Extrusion
• Calcinating
• Sintering
• Microscopy: Optical, transmission
electron, scanning tunneling
• X-ray, neutron, e- diffraction
• Spectroscopy
• Mechanical (e.g., stress-strain)
• Thermal
• Electrical
• Magnetic
• Optical
• Corrosive
• Deteriorative characteristics
Processing
Texturing, Temperature,
Time, Transformations

15.  Materials science deals with basic
knowledge about the internal structure,
properties and processing of materials.
 Materials engineering deals with the
application of knowledge gained by
materials science to convert materials to
products.
Resultant
Knowledge
of Structure and
Properties
Applied
Knowledge
of Materials
Materials Science
Materials Science and
Engineering Materials Engineering
Basic
Knowledge
of
Materials
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16. Studying materials
Materials Science
Relationships between
the structures and
properties of the
materials.
Materials Engineering
Designing the structure of a
material to produce a
predetermined set of properties
Why do we study materials in an engineering curriculum:
Engineers facing design or production problems are going to be involved
with material selection, which requires basic understanding about the
materials science and engineering.
Civil engineers-structure of a building
Mechanical engineers-design and production of transmission gears
Chemical engineers-an oil refinery component
Electrical engineers-an integrated circuit chip
Environmental engineers-liner for landfilling site
Industrial engineers-product cost including expenses during fabrication
as well as raw material and quality

17.  Materials
◦ Metals
◦ Ceramics and Glasses
 Semiconductors
◦ Polymers
 Composites
All Materials
Gases Simple
Liquids
Solids
Metals Polymers
(polymeric molecules)
Ceramics
Thermosets
Heat Setting
Thermoplastics
Heat Forming
Elastomers

18.  Metallic Materials
 strong but malleable and tend to have a
lustrous look when polished.
 Composed of one or more metallic elements.
 Example:- Iron, Copper, Aluminum.
 Metallic element may combine with
nonmetallic elements.
 Example:- Silicon Carbide, Iron Oxide.
 Inorganic and have crystalline structure.
 Good thermal and electric conductors.
Metals and Alloys
Ferrous
Eg: Steel,
Cast Iron
Nonferrous
Eg:Copper
Aluminum
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20.  Polymeric (Plastic) Materials
 Organic giant molecules and mostly
noncrystalline.
 Some are mixtures of crystalline and
noncrystalline regions.
 Poor conductors of electricity and hence
used as insulators.
 Strength and ductility vary greatly.
 Low densities and decomposition
temperatures.
 Examples :- Poly vinyl Chloride (PVC),
Polyester.
 Applications :- Appliances, DVDs, Fabrics
etc.
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22.  Semiconductors: have electrical properties
intermediate between metallic conductors
and ceramic insulators. Also, the electrical
properties are strongly dependent upon
small amounts of impurities. (MSECRC, 2006)

23.  Ceramic Materials
 Metallic and nonmetallic elements are chemically bonded
together.
 Inorganic but can be either crystalline, noncrystalline or
mixture of both.
 High hardness, strength and wear resistance.
 Very good insulator. Hence used for furnace lining for
heat treating and melting metals.
 Also used in space shuttle to insulate it during exit and
reentry into atmosphere.
 Other applications : Abrasives, construction materials,
utensils etc.
 Example:- Porcelain, Glass, Silicon nitride.
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25.  Composites: consist of more than one
material type. Fiberglass, a combination of
glass and a polymer, is an example. Concrete
and plywood are other familiar composites.
Many new combinations include ceramic
fibers in metal or polymer matrix. (MSECRC, 2006)

26.  Composite Materials
 Mixture of two or more materials.
 Consists of a filler material and a binding material.
 Materials only bond, will not dissolve in each other.
 Mainly two types :-
o Fibrous: Fibers in a matrix
o Particulate: Particles in a matrix
o Matrix can be metals, ceramic or polymer
 Examples :-
 Fiber Glass ( Reinforcing material in a polyester or epoxy
matrix)
 Concrete ( Gravels or steel rods reinforced in cement and
sand)
 Applications:- Aircraft wings and engine, construction.
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28.  Nanotechnology: a relatively new area
grown out of techniques used to
manufacture semiconductor circuits.
Machines can be produced on a microscopic
level. Example - miniature robots to do
surgery inside the body or miniature
chemical laboratories and instruments that
will continuously analyze blood and
dispense medications inside the body. (VCSU,
2006)

29.  Metallic Materials
 Production follows US economy closely.
 Alloys may be improved by better chemistry and
process control.
 New aerospace alloys being constantly researched.
o Aim: To improve temperature and corrosion
resistance.
o Example: Nickel based high temperature super alloys.
 New processing techniques are investigated.
o Aim: To improve product life and fatigue properties.
o Example: Isothermal forging, Powder metallurgy.
 Metals for biomedical applications
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30.  Polymeric (Plastic Materials)
 Fastest growing basic material (9% per
year).
 After 1995 growth rate decreased due
to saturation.
 Different polymeric materials can be
blend together to produce new plastic
alloys.
 Search for new plastic continues.
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31.  Ceramic Materials
New family of engineering ceramics are produced last
decade
 New materials and applications are constantly found.
 Now used in Auto and Biomedical applications.
 Processing of ceramics is expensive.
 Easily damaged as they are highly brittle.
 Better processing techniques and high-impact
ceramics are to be found.
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32.  Composite Materials
 Fiber reinforced plastics are primary
products.
 On an average 3% annual growth from
1981 to 1987.
 Annual growth rate of 5% is predicted for
new composites such as Fiberglass-Epoxy
and Graphite-Epoxy combinations.
 Commercial aircrafts are expected to use
more and more composite materials.
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33.  Electronic Materials
 Use of electronic materials such as silicon
increased rapidly from 1970.
 Electronic materials are expected to play
vital role in “Factories of Future”.
 Use of computers and robots will increase
resulting in extensive growth in use of
electronic materials.
 Aluminum for interconnections in integrated
circuits might be replaced by copper
resulting in better conductivity.
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34.  Smart Materials : Change their properties by
sensing external stimulus.
 Shape memory alloys: Strained material reverts
back to its original shape above a critical
temperature.
 Used in heart valves and to expand arteries.
 Piezoelectric materials: Produce electric field
when exposed to force and vice versa.
 Used in actuators and vibration reducers.

35.  MEMS: Microelectromechanical systems.
 Miniature devices
 Micro-pumps, sensors
 Nanomaterials: Characteristic length <
100 nm
 Examples: ceramics powder and grain size < 100
nm
 Nanomaterials are harder and stronger than bulk
materials.
 Have biocompatible characteristics ( as in Zirconia)
 Transistors and diodes are developed on a nanowire.