3. Analytical Psychology (Jung)
“It is sufficient to know that the
human psyche is both individual
and collective, and that its well-
being depends on the natural co-
operation of these two apparently
contradictory sides.”
4. Life
• Father was a parson, mother had a history of mental
illness (may have been psychotic), generally
unavailable
• Difficult childhood
– Had an experience of mysticism early on
– Developed repeated fainting problems in relation to
school, but “cured” himself of this problem as a child
• Became a doctor, did his early work with schizophrenia
• Close collaborative relationship with Freud for 6 years
– Broke due to negativity of Freud’s beliefs, and his developing
belief in the collective unconscious
• Had five children, difficult relationship with his wife
(he had several affairs)
5. The Red Book
• Following his break from Freud, Jung entered a
period of intense introspection, scholars disagree
about its nature, arguing that it represents
everything from a creative period to a psychotic
break.
• The result is 205 pages of drawings and
illuminations, from peering directly into his own
unconscious.
• He never publishes it, and his family doesn’t allow its
publication under 2008.
6.
7.
8.
9. • Aside from his theory:
– Influenced Freud as well as Freud influenced him, developed the idea
of “the complex”
– Was one of the first to utilize psychological and physiological testing
• Word Association Test
• Galvanic skin response
– Influenced modern-day personality testing (the 16-type model used
on the MBTI comes from Jung)
– Somewhat inadvertently was responsible for the spiritual component
of AA
• Later, after a client from “the Oxford group”, the forerunner of AA came to
see him, her sent them back, stating “I can’t do better than Jesus.”
• “I am not a Jungian”
– Saw his theory as a contribution to psychology, not a complete theory
in its own right
– Stated that he only used Jungian work with about a third of his clients
(used Freudian theory with another third, and Adlerian with the final
third).
10. Jungian Theory
• Humans motivated by forces beyond personal
experience (by repeated experiences of
ancestors)
• Humans possess a variety of opposing
qualities:
introversion/extraversion, masculinity/feminin
ity, rational/irrational.
12. Levels of the Psyche
• Conscious (ego, which is secondary to the Self)
• Personal unconscious (like Freud’s concept.
Contents called complexes, which are
emotionally toned groups of related ideas)
– Shadow
• Collective unconscious (originates from the
repeated experience of our ancestors, innate
tendency to react in particular way)
13. Complexes
• As a result of Jung's early word association
research, he came to recognize the existence of
clusters of ideas, thoughts, memories, and
perceptions, organized around a central affective and
archetypal core.
• Each carrying a splinter consciousness of its own, a
degree of intentionality, and the capability of
pursuing a goal.
• They are like real personalities in that they contain
images, feelings, and qualities, and if they engulf the
ego, they determine behavior as well
– “I don’t know what got into me”
– “I was beside myself.”
– “A part of me . . .”
– Pet peeves, etc.
14. Archetypes: Contents of the Collective
Unconscious (like Plato’s Ideal Forms)
• Expressed in dreams, fantasies, delusions, and
hallucinations.
• Persona
• Shadow
• Anima
• Animus
• Great Mother (nourishment and destruction)
• Wise Old Man
• Hero
• Self (comprehensive archetype, self-realization)
16. Psychological Types
• Attitudes: Introversion/Extraversion
• Functions: Thinking, Feeling, Sensation, Intuition
• Individuals have one preference in each of the four
personality dimensions:
– Focus of attention & energy – Extra or Introversion
– Taking in info – Sensing or Intuition
– Making decisions – Thinking or Feeling
– Lifestyle – Judging or Perceiving
17. Development of Personality
• Stages of Development: Childhood,
youth, middle life, old age.
• Self-Realization or Individuation (a
psychological rebirth and integration
of various parts of psyche into
unified or whole self)
– Self-ego axis: ongoing tension between
individuation and communion
– Emblematic of “the hero’s journey”, in which
an individual separates from the community
to further its goals
18. Jungian Therapy
• Active Imagination
• Psychotherapy goal: neurotic into healthy and healthy into
direction of self-realization.
– Balance and wholeness – a resolution and integration of opposites
– Transcendent Function – an aspect of human growth and the
therapeutic process in which difficult, opposing aspects of the psyche
are confronted and then integrated.
• Eclectic in technique
– Sandtray/Mandala
• “Eventually the unconscious will begin to provide not only
descriptions of the existing impasse but also positive
suggestions for possibilities of development which could
reconcile the opposing positions, showing us what avenues of
development are available to us, what paths are required of
us or closed to us, according to the inherent plan of the Self”
19. • Jungian theory understands the psyche as
containing a drive toward balance and
wholeness, differentiating and incorporating
the various elements of the personal
unconscious and establishing access to the
collective unconscious
• Technique is eclectic
20. Concept of Humanity
• People are extremely complex beings who are
a product of both conscious and unconscious
personal experiences.
• People are motivated by inherited remnants
that spring from the collective experiences of
their early ancestors.
• A psychology of opposites
• Synchronicity
21. Other Jungian Terms
• Constellate
• Inflation
• Participation mystique
• Projection
• Puer Aeternus / Puella
• Senex
• Symbol
• Transcendent function
• Transference and countertransference
• Uroboros
• Enantiodromia
