Class 12 CBSE Chapter 1

1. THEORIES OF
INTELLIGENCE
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2. WHAT
IS INTELLIGENCE?

3. • The Oxford Dictionary explains intelligence as the power of
perceiving, learning, understanding and knowing.
• Alfred Binet - the ability to judge well, understand well, and
reason well.
• Wechsler - the global and aggregate capacity of an individual to
think rationally, act purposefully and deal effectively with
his/her environment.
• Sternberg - Intelligence is the ability to adapt, to shape and
select environment to accomplish one's goals.

4. THERIORIES OF INTELLIGENCE
• PSYCHOMETRIC APPROACH – It expresses the individual's performance in terms
of a single index of cognitive abilities.
• INFORMATION - PROCESSING APPROACH - describes the processes people use
in intellectual reasoning and problem solving.

5. Uni factor theory
• By Alfred Binet – 1st psychologist who tried to formalize the concept of
intelligence in terms of mental operations.
• He conceptualized intelligence as consisting of one similar set of abilities - a
person may be intelligent or less intelligent

6. Two – factor theory
• By Charles Spearman in 1927
• Intelligence consisted of a general factor (g-factor) and some specific factors (s-
factor)
1). g-factor – mental operations primary and common to all performances.
2). s-factor – specific abilities which are present in the person.

7. Theory of primary mental abilities
• By Louis Thurstone
• It states that intelligence consists of 7 primary abilities, each of which is relatively
independent of the other.
• Verbal Comprehension, Numerical Abilities, Spatial Relations, Perceptual
Speed, Word Fluency, Memory and Inductive reasoning.

8. Hierarchical model of Intelligence
• By Arthur Jensen
• Abilities operating at two levels. Level 2
higher
order skills
Level 1
input=output

9. Structure-of-intellect
Model
• By J.P. Guilford
• He saw intelligence as a cube with many cells
• He classifies intellectual traits among 3
dimensions operations, contents and
products.
Operations – what the respondent does
Contents – nature of material
Products – form in which information is
processed

10. Theory of Multiple Intelligences
• By Howard Gardner
3 PRINCIPLES
1. Not a single entity, distinct types of intelligence exist.
2. Independent of each other
3. Different type of intelligences interact and work together to find a solution to a
problem.

11. Theory of Multiple Intelligences
SI2 N BL2M
1. Spatial – Pilots, Sailors
2. Interpersonal – psychologists, counsellors
3. Intrapersonal – philosophers and spiritual leaders
4. Naturalistic – hunter, botanists, zoologists
5. Bodily-Kinaesthetic – athletes, dancers
6. Linguistic – writers, poets
7. Logical-Mathematical – scientists
8. Musical – musicians, composers

12. Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
• By Robert Sternberg
• According to him Intelligence "the ability to adapt, to shape and select
environment to accomplish one's goals and those of one's society and culture"
• 3 basic type intelligence : Componential, Experiential and Contextual

13. Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
COMPENENTIAL INTELLIGENCE
• Also known as analytical intelligence – analysis on info. and solve problems
• Persons high on this ability think analytically and critically and succeed in school.
• 3 components – each serving a different function
ENCODE, COMBINE AND
COMPARE INFO.
Knowledge acquisition
PLANNING TO DO AND
HOW TO DO
Metacomponents
EXECUTING STRATEGIES
Performance

14. Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
EXPERIENTIAL INTELLIGENCE
• Also known as creative intelligence.
• Using past experiences creatively to solve problems.
• People high on this type of intelligence integrate different experiences in an
original way to make new discoveries and inventions.

15. Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
CONTEXTUAL INTELLIGENCE
• Also known as practical intelligence
• 'street smartness'
• Easily adapt or select enviornment favourable to them or modify the
environment to fit to their needs.

16. PASS Model of Intelligence
By J.P Das, Jack Naglieri and Kirby (1994)
Planning, Attention-arousal, and Simultaneous – successive Model of Intelligence
• Intellectual activity involves the interdependent functioning of 3 neurological
systems called the functional units of brain.

17. PASS Model of Intelligence
Arousal/Attention
• Helps us in attenting
to stimuli
• Enable the person to
process the info.
• Optimal level of
arousal
Simultaneous and
Successive processing
• SIMULTANEOUS-
Perceive the relation
and integrate them
into meaningful
pattern
• SUCCESSIVE-
remember all info.
serially
Planning
• After all this planning
is activated.
• Allow us to think of
the
possible courses of
action, implement
them to reach the
target and evalute
the effectiveness

18. Thank You