Water-soluble vitamins dissolve in water and must be consumed daily as they are not stored in the body. Vitamin C and the B vitamins are water-soluble. Vitamin B1 plays a role in energy production and cell growth. The document provides information on the functions, sources, toxicity, deficiency, and absorption of various B vitamins including thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, biotin, myo-inositol, folic acid, cobalamin, and ascorbic acid.

1. What Is Water Soluble
Vitamins?
A vitamin that can dissolve
in water. Water-soluble vitamins are
carried to the body's tissues but are not
stored in the body. They are found in
plant and animal foods or dietary
supplements and must be taken in
daily. Vitamin C and members of
the vitamin B complex are water-
soluble.

2. Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
One of the water-soluble B vitamins. It is also
known as vitamin B1.This vitamin plays a
critical role in energy metabolism and,
therefore, in the growth, development,
and function of cells.
Functions:
o It plays an inportant role in helping the body
metabolize carbohydrates and fats to
produce energy.
o It is essential for normal growth and
development and helps to maintain the
proper functions of the heart and the nervous
and digestive systems.

3. Other Sources:
Dried milk, Nuts, Oranges,Legumes, Peas And Yeast.

4. Toxicity:
 Large Doses (5,000 to 10,000 mg) can
cause headaches, irritability, rapid
pulse, and weakens.
Deficiency:
 Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
 Beriberi
 Neurodegeneration
Absorption:
- Upper & lower small intestine, some
are in the liver, heart, kidney.

6. Vitamin B2(Riboflavin)
-is found in the human body primarily as
an integral component of the coenzymes
flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and
flavin mononucleotide (FMN). Coenzymes
derived from riboflavin are termed
‘flavocoenzymes’, and enzymes that use a
flavocoenzyme are called ‘flavoproteins’.
Functions:
It Plays a key role in energy metabolism,
and is required for the metabolism of fats,
carbohydrates, and proteins.
 Helps the body break down
carbohydrates, proteins and fats to
produce energy, and it allows oxygen to
be used by the body.

8. Toxicity:
Riboflavin is not toxic when taken orally, as its
low solubility keeps it from being absorbed in
dangerous amounts from the gut. Although toxic
doses can be administered by injection, any
excess at nutritionally relevant doses is excreted
in the urine, imparting a bright yellow color when
in lange quantities.
 Deficiency:
Ariboflavinosis
Symtoms of significant deficiency syndromes
includes – Sore Throat, Swelling of mucous,
mouth or Lip sores, Anemia, And Skin
disorders

9. Absorption:
Most dietary riboflavin is efficiently
absorbed by a saturable carrier
mechanism primarily in the proximal
small intertine.

10. Vitamin B3(Niancin)
o also known as niacin or nicotinic acid, is
a water-soluble vitamin, used by the
human body as nicotinamide (also called
'niacinamide') to form the coenzymes
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)
and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
phosphate (NADP).
Functions:
•Energy Production
•Metabolism of Fats

11. Other Sources Of Vit B2:
(Vegetables & Fruits)
Carrots, Dates, Asparagus, Sweet Potatoes,
Avocados
(Animal Products: Liver, Heart and Kidney)
Milk, Eggs, Beef, Fish: Tuna and Salmon
Seeds: Legumes, Saltbush Seeds
Fungi: Mushrooms Brewer’s Yeast

12. o Toxicity:
Due to high doses, Effects:
• An imbalance of other important B Vitamins
• Liver Damage And Stomach ulcers
• “Niacin Flush”
o Deficiency
First Symptoms
 Muscular weakness
 Inability to eat
 Indigestion
 Skin Problems
 Canker sores
 Vomiting
 Depression
Worst Form Of Deficiency
 Pellagra

13. Absorption:
Niacin is rapidly absorbed in the the
proximal small intestine by passive
diffusion. Being a water-soluble vitamin
it is not stored in the body. Niacin can
be synthesized from tryptophan with
vitamins B1, B2, and B6 as essential
cofactors.

14. Vitamin B5 (Panthothenic Acid )
Other Name: “Anti-Stress Vitamin”
-Is an essential nutrient belongs to B
vitamin family. Its name is derived from the
Greek pantothen meaning "from
everywhere" and small quantities of
pantothenic acid are found almost in every
food.
Functions:
• Assists in the metabolism of
carbohydrates, proteins and fatty acids.
• Essentail for cell metabolism.
• Works in the synthesis of cholesterol
metabolism.

16. o Toxicity:
 -Because the B5 vitamin is water soluble, toxicity
is
 extremely uncommon.
 - Vitamin could possibly cause diarrhea if the
vitamin is
 taking in excessive amounts.
Deficiency:
 - Paresthesia
 - Vitamin B5 deficiency causes depression,
personality
 changes, heart problems, increased risk of
infections,
 fatigue, abdominal pains, sleep disturbances,
numbness and;
 altered sensation in the arms and legs, muscle

17. Absorption:
 Vitamin B5 is easily absorbed
from the intestines and is
distributed to all tissues in the
body. The body does not break
down Vitamin B5 and excretes
large amounts of this vitamin in
the urine.

18. Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine )
FUNCTION:
 Helping amino acid and protein metabolism
 Enabling red blood cell metabolism
 Helping the nervous system function
efficiently
 Helping the immune system function
efficiently
 Converting tryptophan (an amino acid) to
niacin (A vitamin)
 Enabling the breakdown of glycogen to
glucose
 Aiding in the metabolism, transportation, and
 distribution of selenium
 Assisting in the metabolism of calcium and

19. SOURCES:
 Fortified breakfast cereal
 Oatmeal, instant
 Potato, baked with skin
 Banana
 Chicken breast, roasted, no
skin
 Garbanzo beans
 Tomato paste
 Pork loin, broiled
 Top sirloin, broiled
 Halibut, broiled
 Rainbow trout, cooked
 Brown rice, cooked
 Sweet potato, baked with
skin
 Sunflower seeds, dry
roasted
 Avocado
 Kidney beans, cooked
 Lentils, cooked
 Tuna
 Peanut butter
 Lima beans

20. o TOXICITY:
 Too much vitamin B6 can result in
nerve damage to the arms and legs. It
can also result in increased urinary
excretion of other B vitamins, leading
to imbalances.
 Symptoms of vitamin B6 toxicity
include:
o Muscle incoordination
o Numbness of the hands and feet
o Impaired reflexes
 Abnormal plasma amino acid levels

21. o DEFICIENCY:
 Skin inflammation and irritation
 Glossitis (sore or inflamed tongue)
 Confusion
 Depression
 Irritability and nervousness
 Fatigue and sleepiness
 Convulsions
 Anemia (microcytic type)
o ABSORPTION:
 Cheilosis (cracking and scaling of the lips)
 The forms of vitamin B6 found in food are
converted to active forms in the liver.
 Vitamin B6 is readily absorbed in the upper small
intestine by simple diffusion.

22. Vitamin B7 (Biotin)
OTHER NAME:
Vitamin H, anti-eggwhite injury factor.
 FUNCTIONS:
 It helps our body's cells produce
energy.
 It does this by working with four
essential enzymes that break down
fat, carbohydrate, and protein to yield
energy.
 Biotin also plays a role in the
synthesis and function of DNA.

23. Sources:

24. Toxicity:
 There have been no reports of adverse
effects due to eating too much biotin.
DEFICIENCY:
 Abnormal heart action,dermatitis,
enteritis,hair
loss(alopecia),depression,muscle
pain,weakness,fatigue,nausea.
 A biotin deficiency is rare in healthy people
who eat a healthful diet, since we usually get
enough from the bacteria living in our
digestive tracts.
ABSORPTION:

25. Vitamin B8 (Myo-Inositol)
FUNCTION:
 Inositol as the basis for a number of signaling
and secondary messenger molecules, is
involved in a number of biological processes,
including:
 Insulin signal transduction
 Cytoskeleton assembly
 Nerve guidance (Epsin)
 Intracellular Calcium (Ca2+) concentration
control
 Cell membrane potential maintenance
 Serotonin activity modulation
 Breakdown of fats and reducing blood
cholesterol
 Gene expression

26. Sources:

27.  Toxicity:
 No toxic effects are known, but
diarrhea has been noted with the
intake of very high dosage of inositol,
as well as an increased secretion of
creatine.
DEFICIENCY:
 Inositol deficiency is not common.
 Deficiency symptoms that do occur,
are:
o constipation
o eczema
o elevated cholesterol levels
o hair loss

28. Absorption:
 Inostiol has no known interactions with
drugs. However, when inositol combines
with minerals, especially calcium, zinc,
and iron, the phytic acid may hinder
mineral absorption in the intestine.

29. Vitamin B9 (Folic Acid)
Functions:
 Maintain healthy skin and muscle tone
 Enhance immune and nervous system
function
 Promote cell growth and division —
including that of the red blood cells that
help prevent anemia.
 Reduce the risk of pancreatic cancer.

31. TOXICITY:
High doses (above 15 mg) can cause:
 stomach problems,
 sleep problems,
 skin reactions
 Seizures
DEFICIENCY:
 results in a megaloblastic or macrocytic
anemia, and elevated levels of
homocysteine.
 Folate deficiency can cause
 diarrhea,
 anemia,
 loss of appetite,
 weight loss,
 sore tongue

32. ABSORPTION:
Folic acid also assists in
digestion, and the nervous system,
and works at improving mental as
well as emotional health. This
nutrient may be effective in treating
depression and anxiety.

33. Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)
FUNCTIONS:
 also keeps your central nervous
system healthy.
 works with folic acid to produce
healthy red blood cells.

34. Sources
:
Poultry

35. TOXICITY:
- Vitamin B12 has a very low potential for
toxicity.
DEFICIENCY:
• Pernicious anemia
- Vitamin B12 deficiency impairs the body’s
ability to make blood, accelerates blood cell
destruction, and damages the nervous system.
- B12 deficiency can cause a type of anemia
marked by fewer but larger red blood cells that's
called pernicious anemia.

36. ABSORPTION:
- The absorption of dietary vitamin
B12 occurs in the small intestine.

37. Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
FUNCTIONS:
 helps to heal wounds
 prevent cell damage,
 promote healthy gums and teeth,
 strengthen the immune system.
 It also helps the body absorb iron

38. Sources:

39. TOXICITY:
 High intake of vitamin C (more than
1500 mg) may decrease the
absorption of copper in the intestine.
 Excessive doses of vitamin C can
cause diarrhea, nausea, abdominal
cramps, headache, fatigue, insomnia,
hot flashes, rashes in the skin,
aggravation of gout symptoms,
excessive urination, kidney stones,
interference with medical tests.

40. DEFICIENCY:
Scurvy- A disease caused by a
lack of vitamin C and
characterized by spongy gums,
loosening of the teeth, and a
bleeding into the skin and mucous
membranes.
 ABSORPTION:
-Vitamin C, travel through the
bloodstream.