Water soluble vitamis for bph

1. WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINWATER SOLUBLE VITAMIN
MAN BAHADUR RANA
BPH
ACAS,NEPAL

2. Vitamins
vitamins
organic compounds required in the diet as such
utilizable precursors
required in minute amounts specific biological functionsmaintenance of
optimum growth and health of the organism.
They differ from other organic food stuffs in that, they
do not enter into tissue structure
do not undergo degradation
They differ from hormones and enzyme
Not produced within the organisms

3. Classification of Vitamins

4. Vitamins
Many of the water soluble precursors of coenzymes
 only vitamin K  coenzyme function.

5. Water Soluble Vitamins
 heterogenous group of compounds differ chemically
Similar in solubility in water
  excreted in urine not toxic
continuously supplied in the diet not stored in the body in large quantities (except
B12)
Sourceliver and yeast
 synthesized by the intestinal bacteria
Functions:
The water soluble vitamins form coenzymes that participate in a variety of
biochemical reactions, related to either energy generation or hematopoiesis.

6. Vitamin B1(Thiamine)
Major Sources
Germinating part of cereal, heart, liver, kidney , whole meal, milk, egg, peas, beans
are excellent sources of it.
RDA
1-1.5 mg/day adults
RDA is 0.7-1.2 mg/day for Children

7. Vitamin B1(Thiamine)
Function
The coenzyme, thiamine pyrophosphate or carboxylase is intimately connected
with the energy releasing reactions in the carbohydrate metabolism.
TPP plays an important role in the transmission of nerve impulse.
Vitamin B1 is also required in amino acid Tryptophan metabolism

8. Deficiency of Vitamin B1(Thiamine)
Deficiency:
Beriberi
dry beriberi
wet beriberi.
acute pernicious beriberi
Infantile beri-beri
Wernicke- Korsakoff syndrome : characterized by loss of memory, apathy and
nystagmus

9. Beriberi

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Wet Beriberi

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12. Vitamin B2(Riboflavin)
Major Sources: Milk and milk products, meat, eggs, liver, kidney are rich sources.
Crab meat have high content. Cereals, fruits, vegetables and fish are moderate
sources
RDA
Adult: 1.2-1.7 mg/day
pregnancy and lactatation: 2.0 mg - 2.5mg
Children: 1.0 to 1.8 mg,

13. Vitamin B2(Riboflavin)
Function:
The flavoenzymes play a key role in cell metabolism.
They have been shown to participate in the enzymic oxidation of glucose, fatty
acids, amino acids and purines.

14. Deficiency of Vitamin B2(Riboflavin)
Cheilosis: leisons at the mucocutaneous junction at the angles of the mouth
leading to painful fissures.
 Painful glossitis,
Serborrhoeic dermatitis: Scaly, greasy, desquamation cheifly about the ears,
nose, and naso-labial folds.
corneal vascularization (blood shot) and inflammation

15. Vitamin B3(Niacin or nicotinic acid)
Major Sources
 Niacin is most abundantly found in yeast. Liver, lean pork,
salmon, poultry and red meat, coffee are also good sources,
RDA
adult :15-20 mg/day
children:10-15 mg/day

16. Vitamin B3(Niacin or nicotinic acid)
Functions
The coenzvmes NAD+ and NADP+ are involved in a variety of oxidation-reduction
Therapeutic use of Niacin
1 . Niacin inhibits lipolysis in the adipose tissue and decreases the circulatory free
fatty acids.
2. Synthesis of triacylglycerol in the liver is decreased.
3. niacin is used in the treatment of hyperlipoproteinemia type II b
However megadoses of niacin elevated serum levels of certain enzymes
suggesting liver damage.

17. Deficiency of Vitamin B3(Niacin or nicotinic acid)
Pellarga
Pellagra is mostly seen among people whose staple diet is corn or maize.
Pellagra dermatitis of the exposed parts, diarrhea and dementia.

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Pellagra

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Pellagra

21. Vitamin B5(Pantothenic Acid)
Major dietary Sources
nature, yeast, liver and eggs are the richest sources of it.
RDA:
5-10 mg/day for adults,
4-5 mg for children
Function
It serves as the starting point for Coenzyme A(CoA or Co-acetylase).

22. Deficiency of Vitamin B5(Pantothenic Acid)
In human beings, no definite deficiency syndrome

23. Biotin(Vitamin B7)
Major Dietary Source:
Wide spread, exceptionally large amounts are present in royal jelly(bee), Synthesis
in intestine by intestinal bacteria.
RDA
100-300 mg/day
Functions:
Gluconeogenesis and citric acid cycle: acts as co-enzyme for Pyruvate carboxylase.
Fatty acid synthesis:

24. Biotin(Vitamin B7) Deficiency
Biotin deficiency is uncomrnon

25. Vitamin B6
Major Dietary Sources
Animal sources such as egg yolk, fish, milk, meat are rich in B6. Wheat, corn,
cabbage, roots and tubers are good vegetable sources.
RDA
Adult: 2.2 mg/day
During pregnancy, lactation and old age: 2.5 mg/day

26. Function of Vitamin B6
 metabolism of hydroxy amino acids, sulfur containing amino acids and also
tryptophan.
 Its derivatives a carrier in the active transport of amino acids cell
membranes.

27. Deficiency of Vitamin B6
neurological symptoms  depression, irritability,nervousness and mental
confusion.
severe deficiencyConvulsions and peripheral neuropathy as well as dermatitis
and gastrointestinal disorders

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29. Hypervitaminosis B6
2 to 6 g/day Body builders (body builders)
Causes irreversible nerve damage
loss of sensation in hands and feet

30. Folic Acid/Folate(Vitamin B9)
Major Dietary Sources:
liver, kidney, tuna fish, salmon, yeast, wheat, dates and spinach. Root vegetables,
sweet potatoes, rice, corn, tomatoes, bananas, pork and lamb contain little folic acid.
RDA
Adult: 20O ug/day.
during pregnancy 400 ug/day
During lactation (300 ug/day).

31. Functions of Folic Acid/Folate(Vitamin B9)
The reduction products of folic acid act as coenzymes.
THFA is also involved in the synthesis of serine, methionine, thymine, purines,
choline and inosinic acid.
Folic acid, in conjunction with ascorbic acid, also appears to be related to tyrosine
metabolism.
also concerned in the production of an agent  stimulates the formation of normal
RBCs.

32. Deficiency of Folic Acid/Folate(Vitamin B9)
Macrocystic Anemia:
Hyperhomocyteinemia leads to increased risk of atherosclerosis, thrombosis
and hypertension..

33. Deficiency of Folic Acid/Folate(Vitamin B9)

34. Cyanacobalamin (Vitamin B12)
Major Dietary Sources:
the chief source is liver,
although it is also present in milk, meat, eggs, fish, oysters and clams. Curd is a
better source than milk, due to the synthesis B12 by Lactobacillus.
Vitamin B12  only by microorganisms (anaerobic bacteria, intenstinal bacteria).
RDA
Adult: 3 ug/day
Children: 0.5-1.5 ug/day
During pregnancy and lactation: 4 ug/day.

35. Functions of Cyanacobalamin (Vitamin B12)
It also functions in protein synthesis and in the activation of SH enzymes.
Cyanocobalamin also affects myelin formation.

36. Deficiency of Cyanacobalamin (Vitamin B12)
A nutritional deficiency of this vitamin is usually not observed  ubiquitous
nature.
 deficiency failure to absorb the vitamin.
Pernicious anemia is a defect in absorption of B12.
Mucosal atrophy of stomach, glossitis, stomatitis, pharyngitis.
Methyl Malonic Aciduria

37. Ascorbic Acid(Vitamin C)
Major Dietary Source
The richest source of vitamin C, known up to date, is the acerola fruit (Malpighia
punctifolia). Citrus fruits (such as orange, lemon, lime), gooseberry, pineapple,
guavas, tomatoes, melons, raw cabbage and green pepper are also rich sources of
it. New potatoes contain relatively large amounts.
RDA
60-70 mg/day

38. Function of Ascorbic Acid(Vitamin C)
Role in cellular Oxidation-Reduction
Collagen formation :
Tyrosine metabolism
lmmunological function : enhances the synthesis of immunoglobulins and 
phagocytic action of leucocytes.
Preventive action on cataract
Functional activity of Fibroblasts/Osteoblasts

39. Empirical Uses of Vitamin C
 control and treatment of infectious diseasees
Help in wound healing, in ulcer, trauma, and burns, in allergic conditions,
In common cold.
During labour: vitamin C given in doses of 150-250 mg produces oxytocic action,
increasing both frequency and intensity of uterine contractions.

40. Deficiency of Ascorbic Acid(Vitamin C)
scurvy
failure of depositing intercellular cement substance in teeth and at the end of the
femur.
2. Petechial hemorrhages
3. Bleeding gums :
4. Cessation of bone growth

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Deficiency of Ascorbic Acid(Vitamin C)
Scurvy

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Pinpoint Bleeding from Scurvy

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Pinpoint Bleeding in Scurvy

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