The document summarizes the key events and figures of the Philippine reformist movement in the late 19th century known as the Propaganda Movement. It discusses the execution of priests known as the Gomburza that helped spark calls for reform, the rise of the ilustrado class who were educated and exposed to liberal ideas abroad, and the founding of cultural organizations like La Solidaridad newspaper and the Liga Filipina society to advocate for reforms through peaceful and intellectual means. Central figures of the movement discussed include Graciano Lopez Jaena, Marcelo H. del Pilar, and Jose Rizal who wrote novels highlighting injustices under Spanish colonial rule. However, the movement ultimately failed to achieve its goals of greater autonomy

1. the reformist movement

2. 2
gomburza
Mariano Gómez, curate of Bacoor, Cavite
José Burgos, curate of the Manila Cathedral
Jacinto Zamora, parish priest of Marikina
three secular priests executed by false charges
beforethepropaganda

3. 3
beforethepropaganda
Paciano Mercado was a protégé of
Padre Burgos when he was implicated
in the Cavite Mutiny. Hence, Rizal not
using the surname Mercado.

4. rise of the middle class
▸brought by the economic
development (Galleon Trade to
international trade)
▸composed of Spanish and Chinese
mestizos
▸education produced intelligentsia,
among them the ilustrados, who had
grown critical of colonial rule
▸were sent to Spain and were exposed
to Spanish liberal and European
nationalist ideals
4
beforethepropaganda

5. the propaganda
movement
In 1872, ilustrados, exiled
liberals, and students
formed the Propaganda
Movement, a cultural
organization aiming for
reforms for the Filipinos
5

6. “They believed
in the power of
words, not of
the sword.”
6

7. the filipino circle ( 1882 )
founded by Lopez Jaena and other reformers to bring the
attention of the peninsulares to the problems in the
Philippines, but dispersed after the Minister of the Colonies
discouraged it
7
lasolidaridad
españa en filipinas ( 1887 )
newspaper put out by Eduardo de Lete and others to voice
out the desires of the Filipinos. funds were collected in the
Philippines as advanced subscription, but it had ceased to
exist before the money reached de Lete

8. • established in 1889 as the official organ
of the Propaganda Movement
• first editor: Graciano Lopez Jaena
• funded by Filipino expatriates and
supporters from the Philippines
• first editorial came out in Feb 15, 1889
and every fifteen days
8
lasolidaridad

9. ( from the first editorial of The Sol )
“With regard to the Philippines, since she needs
the most help, not being represented in the
Cortes, we shall pay particular attention to the
defense of her democratic rights, the
accomplishment of which is our patriotic duty.
That nation of eight million souls should not,
must not be the exclusive preserve of theocracy
and traditionalism.”

10. aims
1) become a province of Spain, so as to
enjoy the same rights and privileges as
a Spaniard (e.g. immune from abuses,
freed from unreasonable taxes) –
assimilation
2) have a representative in the Spanish
Parliament (aka the Cortes) to propose
and participate in the approval of laws
beneficial to the country
3) removal of the friars and secularization
of the parishes
4) active participation in the affairs of the
government
5) freedom of speech, of the press, and
of assembly
6) wider social and political freedom
7) equality before the law
10
themovement

11. members were composed of:
1. filibusteros thrown in the Marianas
Islands after the Cavite mutiny,
2. young men sent to Europe to study, and
3. refugees who escaped the Philippines to
escape from persecution
11
themovement

12. …propagrandists
§ Graciano Lopez Jaena (Diego Laura)
§ Marcel H. del Pilar (Plaridel)
§ José Rizal (Dimasalang, Laong Laan)
§ Antonio Luna (Taga-Ilog)
§ Juan Luna
§ Felix Hidalgo
§ Mariano Ponce
§ José M. Panganiban (Jomapa)
12
propagandists
§ Eduardo de Lete
§ Pedro Serrano Laktaw
§ Pedro Paterno
§ Jose Alejandrino
§ Dominador Gomez
§ Fernando Canon
§ Isabelo delos Reyes

13. prominent propagandists
13
propagandists

14. marcelo h. del pilar
• lawyer and journalist from Bulacan
• founded Diariong Tagalog, the first
bilingual newspaper, where he edited
the Tagalog section
• campaigned for freedom and
progress in plazas, cockpits, and
tiendas – was imprisoned for a month
• wrote pamphlets and parodies of
Ama Namin and the 10
Commandments to mock the friars
14
propagandists

15. marcelo h. del pilar
• became the editor for The Sol after
Lopez-Jaena
• Works: Dasalan at Tocsohan and
Caingat Cayo (1888)
• On the eve of his death, he resorted
to a violent revolution:
“Insurrection is the last remedy, especially
when the people have acquired the belief
that peaceful means to secure the
remedies for evils prove futile.”
15
propagandists

16. graciano lopez-jaena
• the great orator from Ilo-ilo
• his mother wanted him to become a
priest but did not agree with it
• at age 18, wrote Fray Botod, a story
mocking the friars
• continued to fight for justice, until
threats were made on his life
• he went to Spain 1880
• first editor of The Sol
• died of tuberculosis in 1896
16
propagandists

17. jose protacio rizal
mercado y alonzo
• medical doctor, scientist, and writer
from Calamba, Laguna
• studied medicine, read a lot, and
mastered several languages
• at 21, in 1882, went to Spain
• at 26, finished Noli Me Tangere
• at 30, finished El Filibusterismo
17
propagandists

18. jose rizal
• made the revolution fail in Fili
• in a letter to Father Florentino:
“I do not mean to say that our liberty will
be secured at the sword’s point, … but
that we must secure it by making
ourselves worthy of it, by exalting the
intelligence and the dignity of the
individual, by loving justice, right, and
greatness, even to the extent of dying for
them
18
propagandists

19. ( from Rizal’s Manifesto a Algunos Filipinos
written in Fort Santiago in 1886 )
"From childhood, I was educated by Spaniards and
was nurtured in the great examples of the History of
Spain, Greece, and Rome. In later years, all my
professors in Spain were great thinkers and great
patriots. Everything--books, periodicals, examples,
and reason itself--prompted me to love the good of
my native land, as the Catolonian loves the good of
Catalonia, and Basques, Galicians, Andalusians
respectively love Biscay, Galicia, Andalusia etc."

20. la liga filipina
established by Rizal in 1892, a week after his
return to Manila, to disseminate the
Propaganda Movement’s aims and reformist,
nonviolent ideals
the meeting in the house of Doroteo
Ongjunco was attended by at least 20
Filipinos, including Andres Bonifacio and
Apolinario Mabini
20
propagandists

21. jose rizal
• arrested, thrown into Fort Santiago
and then banished to Dapitan
• after 4 years, requested to enlist as
military doctor in Cuba
• his request was granted but before he
could dock in Spain, he was arrested
and tried for baseless charges of
treason and complicity in the
revolution
• he was sentenced to die and on Dec
30, 1896, was shot in Luneta
21
propagandists

22. a failure.
• Spain was too busy with its internal
problems to give attention to the
colony
• La Solidaridad was counteracted by
the friars’ publication, La Politica de
España en Filipinas
• funds became scarce, there were
no sufficient means to carry out the
reforms
• the propagandists were divided
against themselves; too
conservative and lacked the
courage to continue the campaign
22
conclusion

23. cuerpo de
compromisarios
23
conclusion