2. Revisiting the basics
GALS
Video
Some bits and pieces / a personal view
3. History
“Have you any pain or stiffness in your
muscles, joints or back?”
“Do you have any trouble getting up or
down stairs?”
“Do you have any difficulty getting
dressed?”
4.
5. Revisiting the basics
Inspection Look
Palpation Feel
Movement Move
Stability
Function
Compare with opposite side
12. G A L S
Doherty, Dacre, Dieppe and Snaith (1992)
The GALS locomotor screen, Annals of
Rheumatic diseases 51: 1165-9
GAIT
ARMS
LEGS
SPINE
13. G A L S
“…provide a valuable screening test for
use in general practice”
“the procedure can be viewed as a
general functional (disability), as well as
a basic musculoskeletal assessment”
“..be useful in selective situations as a
rapid test of functional performance and
to screen out regional locomotor
abnormalities that merit closer scrutiny”
18. Early synovitis
PIP - skin discolouration and tenderness
Clench fist - MCPs should be white with
no infilling
MCP squeeze to elicit tenderness
Inferior radio ulnar stress test
Bulge sign at knee
MTP squeeze test
26. De Quervains tenosynovitis
APL and EPB tendons
tender over radial styloid
sometimes nodule (thickened sheath)
Finkelsteins test
Rest it
Inject it
27. Shoulders
Shoulder or not
Glenohumeral or not - external rotation
Tenderness
– bicipital groove
– subacromial
Painful arc of abduction
39. Over pronation
Subtalar pronation
unchecked
longitudinal arch
stretches and
flattens
excess rotation of
tibia
Hallux valgus
Plantar fasciitis
Achilles tendonitis
Post tibial tendonitis
stress# navicular
anterior knee pain
low back pain
40. Hypermobility
1 Dorsiflexion of 5th MCP to 90 degrees
2 Apposition of thumb to volar aspect of
forearm
3 Hyperextension of elbow by 10 degrees
4 Hyperextension of knee by 10 degrees
5 Hands flat on floor with knees extended