In Chhattisgarh, Raipur-Durg-Bhilai (RDB) tri-city area hosts the state's new administrative capital, interconnected by an expressway forming the industrial corridor and is one of the largest steel manufacturing hubs in India. Between 1998 and 2016, the satellite and global model data-derived concentrations show a 50% increase in the overall PM2.5 pollution in the region.

1. AIR POLLUTION IN CHHATTISGARH
Submitted By:-
KULVENDRA PATEL
2K19/ENE/05
Submitted To:-
Dr. R K Mishra
Assistant Professor
Dept. of Environmental Engg.
Delhi Technological University

2. Air Pollution in Chhattisgarh
• In Chhattisgarh, Raipur-Durg-Bhilai (RDB) tri-city area hosts the new administrative capital
of the state, interconnected by an expressway forming the industrial corridor and is one of
the largest steel manufacturing hubs in India. Between 1998 and 2016, the satellite and
global model data derived concentrations show a 50% increase in the overall PM2.5
pollution in the region.
• The average PM10 concentration measured at commercial, industrial, and residential
monitoring stations is 125 ± 52 µg m–3 in 2015. None of the stations currently measure
PM2.5. The annual average PM10 concentrations in 2011 is 175 ± 110 µg m–3, which
translates to 28% improvement in 5 years.

3. • A multiple pollutant emissions inventory was established for this urban airshed (extending
60 km × 30 km), with annual estimates of 41,500 tons of PM2.5, 59,650 tons of PM10,
7,600 tons of SO2, 67,000 tons of NOx, 163,300 tons of CO, 118,150 tons of NMVOCs, and
3.1 million tons of CO2 for 2015, and further projected to 2030 under business as usual
conditions.
• Between 1998 and 2016, the satellite and global model data derived concentrations, show a
50% increase in the overall concentrations of PM2.5 (particulate matter with diameter < 2.5
µm) and expected to increase under the business as usual scenario (2016).
• The city has an estimated 26% of the ambient annual PM2.5 pollution originating outside the
urban airshed - this contribution is mostly coming from the coal-fired power plants, large
(metal and non-metal processing) industries, and brick kilns located outside the urban
airshed and seasonal open biomass fires.

5. Year District
SO2
(g/m3)
NO2
(g/m3)
SPM
(g/m3)
Source
2015 Korba 12.72 18.42 172.74 CECB Raipur
2015 Durg 5.23 15.52 170.64 CECB Raipur
2015 Raipur 11.5 32.4 200.23 CECB Raipur
2014 Korba 14.4 21.35 162.11 CECB Raipur
2014 Durg 4.55 14 148 CECB Raipur
2014 Raipur 43 45.65 190.36 CECB Raipur
Residential Report of year 2014-15

6. Industrial Report of year 2014-15
Year District
SO2
(g/m3)
NO2
(g/m3)
SPM
(g/m3)
Source
2015 Raipur 10.71 30.75 278.71 CECB Raipur
2015 Durg 10.75 29.98 284.24 CECB Raipur
2014 Raipur 16.391 44.652 223.166 CECB Raipur
2014 Durg 11.64 30.66 268.34 CECB Raipur

7. AIR QUALITY IN RAIPUR
• NAMP network stations in Chhattisgarh are limited to three cities -Raipur, Bhilai and Korba - 8
stations representing approximately 25 million residents. There are no continuous ambient air quality
monitoring stations and the regulatory data is derived from manual (gravimetric based) monitoring
methods (CPCB, 2016).

8. AIR POLLUTION SOURCES
• Chhattisgarh hosts large coal-fired thermal power plants and other industrial facilities. In early 2000s,
one study in the Korba region, demonstrated a significant increase in PM10 concentrations, downwind
of a coal-fired power plant, with average concentrations 4–6 times the concentrations in the upwind
region. In another study, the sponge iron industries were found to make significant contribution.
• In Durg, coal and biomass combustion, vehicular emissions and secondary aerosol production as
major sources of PM10, while a study in rural central India, reported biomass burning, dust re-
suspension and biogenic activity as major sources for PM10.
• Watersoluble ions have been reported to constitute ~12% of the total PM2.5 mass with sulfate, nitrate
and ammonium being the most dominant ions, associated with significant coal and oil combustion in
the region for steel and power generation. Receptor models utilized in these studies are chemical mass
balance (CMB) and positive matrix factorization (PMF).

9. • Based on chemical speciation of dust in Raipur, reported high concentrations of Fe, Mn and at
locations affected by industrial emissions, and high concentrations of Cu, Pb and Zn at traffic-
influenced sites. Heavy metal emissions have been associated with a variety of PM sources including
industrial activities, traffic emissions and waste burning.
• During winter, concentration of specific markers for wood/biomass combustion (e.g., K+, Cl–) have
also been reported to have highest concentrations. Within the inorganic aerosol fraction, sulphate
(SO4 2–), nitrate (NO3 –) and chloride (Cl–) are reported to be most abundant.
• A library of chemical profiles was established for various PM10 and PM2.5 sources in the RDB
Region. In 2014 there are 11 chemical source profiles for PM2.5 – one related to solid waste burning,
three related to household fuel combustion, and seven related to industrial fuel combustion while in
2015 includes profiles for vehicular emissions and dust sources.

10. Source contributions to ambient PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations in 2015.

11.  Population Density
• The population density of the state is 189 persons per square kilometre. The total population growth in
this decade was 22.61% while in previously it was 18.06%. The number of occupants in Chhattisgarh
shapes 2.11 percent of India in 2011. In 2001, the figure was around 2.03 percent. Concerning
population growth, the state has assumed control over its mother province of MP.
• As per details from Census 2011, Chhattisgarh has population of 2.56 Crores, an increase from figure
of 2.08 Crore in 2001 census. Total population of Chhattisgarh as per 2011 census is 25,545,198 of
which male and female are 12,832,895 and 12,712,303 respectively. In 2001, total population was
20,833,803 in which males were 10,474,218 while females were 10,359,585. The total population
growth in this decade was 22.61 percent while in previous decade it was 18.06 percent. The
population of Chhattisgarh forms 2.11 percent of India in 2011. In 2001, the figure was 2.03 percent.

13. Thermal Power Plants
• Chhattisgarh has vast coal resources and Korba in Chhattisgarh is the Power Capital of the country.
NTPC has Super Thermal Power Plant in Korba and is working at 90% Plant load Factor.
• The Thermal power stations has a power generating capacity of 2100MW.
• Some of the Power Plants are:-
 Korba (West) Thermal Power Station- CSEB
 Korba (East) Thermal Power Station – CSEB
 Korba Super Thermal Power Station- NTPC Ltd.
 Jindal Megha Power Plant- Korba STPP
 LANCO Thermal Power Station
 Sipat TPP

14. NTPC Super Thermal Power Plant, Korba

15. EFFECTS
• These power plants which produce 6090 megawatts of electricity and power Korba and its
surrounding areeas, have also made the city a pollution hub.
• The korba plants generate more than 1 lakh metric tonnes of fly-ash annually.
• However casual dumping of fly-ash has led to air, water and land pollution in areas close to thermal
plants. This has also had a negative impact on the health of people residing here.
• Several incidents related to health problems have reported including skin diseases, respiratory diseases
like chronic bronchitis, asthma and even cancer.

16. Ecological Changes
• In 90s Raigarh, city of Chhattisgarh, emerged as the hub for coal mining and sponge iron in
Chhattisgarh. The coalfield in Mand Raigarh is spread over an area of more than 1,12,000 hectares
with an estimated 21,117 metric tonnes of coal.
• In the last 15 years, the landscape of the Raigarh has drastically changed. Heaps of coal and fly ash
cover the area which once covered by forest. It has also impacted the livelihood of the residents of the
district.

18. Monitoring

21. • TRAN = transport emissions from road, rail, aviation, and shipping (for coastal cities); RESI = residential
emissions from cooking, heating, and lighting activities; INDU = industrial emissions from small, medium,
and heavy industries (including power generation); DUST = dust emissions from road re-suspension and
construction activities; WAST = open waste burning emissions; DGST = diesel generator set emissions;
BRIC = brick kiln emissions (not included in the industrial emissions)

22. Findings and Recommendations
• Modeled urban average ambient PM2.5 concentration is 82.3 ± 21.8 μg/m3 – is more than 2 times the
national standard (40) and more than 8 times the WHO guideline (10).
• The city requires continuous air monitoring stations to statistically, spatially, and temporally, represent the
mix of sources and range of pollution in the city (current status – 2 manual and 0 continuous).
• The city has an estimated 26% of the ambient annual PM2.5 pollution (in 2015) originating outside the
urban airshed, which suggests that some regional interventions could reduce the pollution loads. This
contribution is mostly stemming from coal-fired power plants, large (metal and non-metal processing)
industries, and brick kilns located outside the urban airshed.
• The city needs to aggressively promote public and non-motorized transport as part of the city’s urban
development plan, along with the improvement of the road infrastructure to reduce on-road dust re-
suspension.
• Open waste burning is dispersed across the city and requires stricter regulations for addressing the issue, as
the city generates ever more garbage, with limited capacity to sort and dispose of it.

23. Initiatives from Chhattisgarh
• Pollution: Chhattisgarh bans burning of crop residue.
 The state now works with the various agencies to educate and help farmers with eco-friendly alternatives to
crop burning. The govt began by imposing a ban on the burning on crop residual in the state.
• Increasing green cover in the city: Raipur demolished buildings to create an urban micro-forest.
 Raipur is demolishing 70 old government office building to plant a 19- acre micro forest or ‘oxy-zone’ right in
the centre of the city. The oxy-zone has water bodies that will help in replenshing grond water in the area.
• Protecting green cover : Sapos, the village that looks after its forests.
 The residents of Sapos have been protecting a nearby forest for the last 25 years.People from the village are
appointed go into the forest every day as guardians, to ensure no tress are cut and the forest is well preserved-
especially from people using the forest to source firewood.

24. Thank You