Energy Production and Climate Change By Atif Nauman (University of Gujrat)

1. ENERGY PRODUCTION AND
CLIMATE CHANGE
BY
ATIF NAUMAN
(UNIVERSITY OF GUJRAT)

2. 2
• Introduction
• Emissions from Power Plants
• COP 21
• World Primery Energy Demand Composition
• Global Carbon dioxide Global Level
• Energy production and Climate Change in Pakistan
• Paris Agreement on Climate Change
Contents

3. 3
• Projected Greenhouse Gases Emissions
• Pakistan Climate Change Policy 2017
• Climate Change Trend in Pakistan
• Primery Energy Sources in Pakistan
• Climate Change Impacts on Energy Sector
• Risk Summary by Sector and Subregion
• Recommendations
Contents

4. 4
• Climate change and Energy production both having close relation with each other.
• Climate change have direct influence on the production of the energy.
• While production of energy also have direct impact on the Climate change.
• The over use of the non-renewable energy resources (fossil fuels and coal) for the production of
energy having the negative impact on the environment in form of Greenhouse gases.
• Climate change has become the global problem due to global warming by emission of Greenhouse
gases in the 21st century.
(Zaman et al., 2016; Danish and Wang et al., 2017)
Introduction

5. 5
• Form the last 3 decades, global climate has been changed promptly and bad influenced on the
natural environment.
• The change in the climate is directly affecting the renewable natural resources such as water.
• The major consequence of the global climate is hydrological change or hydro climatic shift.
• Hydropower plants is the one of major and very important source for the production of energy
throughout the world.
(Thomas et al., 2004; Destouni et al., 2013; Elliot et al., 2014)
Introduction

6. Emissions from Power
Plants
• From the Coal mines to Burning of coal, there are
many Environmental impacts includes air
pollution.
• In long term impacts include increasing
temperature of Earth with the burning of coal in
Power Plants.
• Global Warming is also happening quickly due to
pollutants generated by power plants.
• Power plants are generating more than 50
percentage of carbon emissions which are linked
with combustion.
(Erickson et al., 2017) 6

7. COP 21
• Pakistan is likely to commit to 10 per
cent reduction in Greenhouse gas
emissions.
• Severe electricity shortages are resulting
in an increase in coal powered plants.
• Commited to Invest in Renewable
energy.
• Pakistan probably contribute very little
to COP21.
• Solar Park and Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa’s
Billion Tree Tsunami projects discussed
at COP 21.
7

8. 8
• Changes in global atmospheric composition occurring with the anthropogenic emissions.
• Emission includes which include carbon dioxide, Particulate Matter and Mercury etc.
• Particulate Matter or soot is released into atmosphere when the coal burn in Power plants.
• Fine Particles whose diameter is 2.5 micrometer and the coarse particles their diameter 10
micrometer are generating.
• Form acid rain which cause climate change because acid rain and climate change are closely
associated.
(Karl et al., 2003)
Emissions from Power Plants

9. 9

10. 10
• Highlighted Pakistan’s commitment to work on climate change.
• A small delegation at the UN Climate Change Conference 2018.
• Clean energy targets, but coal too.
• By 2030 renewables will account for 32 percent of energy use, an increase from its previous 27
percent target.
• Increase energy savings by 0.8 percent each year between 2021 and 2030.
• Pakistan needs to focus on right projects and policy frameworks to demand its share for finance of
climate change projects.
COP 24

11. Global
Carbon
Dioxide
Level
11

12. 12
• Pakistan is an energy deficit country.
• Most of the energy in Pakistan is being generated by fossil fuel based thermal power generation
for which raw material is largely imported from other countries.
• Admittedly, Pakistan’s contribution towards global GHG emissions is tiny. However, it is one of
the most vulnerable countries to climate change impacts.
• Pakistan is one of the leading countries effecting from Climate Change.
(www.technologytimes.pk)
Energy Production and Climate Change in
Pakistan

13. 13
• Pakistan’s Water and Power Ministry is committed to building as many as 12 new coal-fired
power plants over the next 15 years.
• Pakistan currently ranks 135th on the list of global emitters of carbon on a per capita basis,
accounting for less than 1 percent of total global carbon emissions.
• According to the national GHG inventory of Pakistan for the year 2011–2012, its total GHG
emissions was at 369 million tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MtCO2e) with 45.9% share of
energy.
(www.technologytimes.pk)
Energy Production and Climate Change in Pakistan

14. 14

15. 15
• Pakistan has ratified the Paris Agreement on Climate Change.
• Pakistan agreed to reduce the emissions from Power Plants by changing the technology of currently running
Coal and Furnus Power Plants.
• Countries agrees to reduce worldwide emissions from coal need to become (close to) zero by 2050.
• The emissions scenarios used for estimating coal emissions in line with the Paris Agreement achieve
emissions reductions through the deployment of a number of technologies.
• Among these technologies, the model includes the use of carbon capture and storage (CCS) in coal power
stations.
Paris Agreement on Climate Change

16. 16

17. 17
• Pakistan made climate change act 2017 inview of the Paris agreement on Climate Change.
• In Climate Change act 2017, Government made establish institutional and policy
mechanisms for implementation of Federal and provincial adaptation and mitigation
policies, plans, programmes, projects and measures.
• Includes plans for renewable energy and clean technology measures for energy efficiency
and energy conservation and awareness-raising and capacity-building Programmes.
Pakistan Climate Change Act 2017

18. 18
• A significant warming trend of about 0.57°C in the annual mean temperature was
observed in the past century from 1901 to 2000 in Pakistan.
• This increase is less than the mean annual temperature increase of 0.75°C in the past
century in the South Asia region.
• The warmest year recorded until 2007 was 2004 and the highest increase is observed
during winter when the temperature ranges from 0.52°C to 1.12°C
Climate Trends in Pakistan

19. 19
• The energy sector is the major contributor to climate change through its high GHG
emissions and is also sensitive to its impacts.
• The major likely impact of climate change on the energy sector is predicted to be changes
in precipitation patterns, temperatures rising, and extreme weather events.
• Presently, hydropower resources of Pakistan supply about 30% electricity and is projected
to provide about 32.7 million kilowatts (kw) in 2030.
• The most likely impact of global warming is the recession of Himalayan glaciers that is
the largest source of freshwater supply in the country.
Climate Change Impacts on Energy Sector

20. 20
• Uncertain water resources will reduce reliability of the hydro-electricity supply which is a
key provider of the country’s power sector.
• leading to the reduced reliability of the whole electricity generation system. Variations in
water supply will be further aggravated by increased sedimentation of major reservoirs.
• Pakistan’s water resources are at severe risk to climate change.
• With climate change in the future, the energy sector will largely be affected by extreme
weather events such as flooding, storm surges, and drought that will affect energy sources,
and the supply and distribution infrastructure.
Climate Change Impacts on Energy Sector

21. 21

22. 22
Reduction in water availability for hydropower generation
• The most likely impact of globalwarming is the recession of Himalayan glaciers that is the largest
source of fresh water supply in the country, and this would very likely affect the country’s power
generation systems.
Extreme climate events damaging oil, gas, and power infrastructure
• The other major likely impact on the energy sector is damage to oil and gas infrastructure due to
heavy precipitation leading to flooding.
(Asian Development Report for Pakistan)
Climate Change Impacts on Energy Sector

23. 23
Hotter temperatures increase energy demand
• Due to increase in airconditioning requirements particularly in summer, energy demand is
expected to increase. Further, climate change induces higher temperatures, and evaporation will
increase electricity needs for pumping water for agriculture irrigation.
Affect efficiency of nuclear and thermal power plants
• Increase in water temperatures used for cooling of nuclear and thermal power plants wil affect the
power plants’ efficiency.
(Asian Development Report for Pakistan)
Climate Change Impacts on Energy Sector

24. 24
Risk Summary by Sector and Subregion

25. 25
• Increasing use of renewables such as solar, wind and biofuels.
• Increasing use of nuclear power.
• Use latest technology on Energy Production Plants to reduce emmissions.
• Switching to lower-carbon fuels (for example from coal to gas), improving energy
efficiency in transmission and distribution, increasing use of renewable and nuclear
generation.
• Introduction of carbon capture and storage (CCS) and reducing final energy demand.
Recommendations

26. 26
• Replacing existing coal-fired heat and/or power plants by highly efficient natural gas combined
cycle (NGCC) power plants or combined heat and power (CHP) plants can reduce near-term
emissions.
• Reducing consumer demand is a key mitigation strategy.
• Governments may facilitate an increased use of emission reduction options by creating an
attractive fiscal and regulatory framework.
Recommendations