How does differ from evolution systematic Only cladistics traces e.pdf

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How does differ from evolution systematic? Only cladistics traces evolution relationship and construct classifies that reflects these relationship. Only evolution systematic recognizes that organisms must be compared using specific characters. Only cladistics rigorously defines the kinds of homologies that yields the most useful information. Only clasdictics uses homologous traits to trace to apply evolution relationship Why is the paleospcc.es concept more difficult to apply to organisms than the biological and the ecological species concepts? Because reproductive isolation cannot be studied directly Because ecological distinction are difficult to impossible be past environments Because neither exclusive mating nor ecological separators are usually accessible us fossil specimens. Because homologous Waits are rarely expressed In fossil specimens Parapatric specification is characterized by? Complete reproductive isolation of two populations Partial reproductive isolation of two populations. No reproductive isolation of two populations. Complete ecologic niche separation of two species What is the age of the oldest known fossil found on Earth 3.8 billion years. 3.5 billion years. 2 billion years. 520 million years. Taphonomy is the study of: What happens to organic matter after death. How bones mineralize during fossilization. The rules of classification. Ancestral traits In closely related species. When general and specialized traits of organisms are considered in evolution it is important to recognize that only a generalized ancestor can profit from the flexible evolutionary basis for rapid diversification Which of the following animals is an appropriate example for a highly specialized placental mammal that is structurally to a narrow, rodent/woodpecker-like econiche: The duck-billed platypus. The wallaby. The white-tailed deer. The aye-aye of Madagascar. Solution 41. B. Partial reproductive isolation of two populations. Parapatric speciation occurs when populations are separated not by a geographical barrier, such as a body of water, but by an extreme change in habitat. While populations in these areas may interbreed, they often develop distinct characteristics and lifestyles. Reproductive isolation in these cases is not geographic but rather temporal or behavioral. 42. B. 3.5 billion years. The oldest known fossils, are cyanobacteria from Archaean rocks of western Australia, dated 3.5 billion years old. 43. B. How bones mineralize during fossilization. Taphonomy is the branch of palaeontology that deals with the processes of fossilization. 44. C. The aye aye of Madagascar. From an ecological point of view the aye-aye fills the niche of a woodpecker, as it is capable of penetrating wood to extract the invertebrates within..

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From an ecological point of view the aye-aye fills the niche of a woodpecker, as it is capable of
penetrating wood to extract the invertebrates within.

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4). The three types of speciation models are, a). Allopatric speciation b). Sympatric speciation c). Parapatric speciation models Adaptive radiation is the diversity of structures of organisms into new forms under new favorable environmental conditions (Eg: when new food resources are available). The changes of adaptive radiation are rapid and results in phenotypic adaptation of morphological and physiological traits. The mechanism of adaptive radiation is known as allopatric speciation, in which one species in particular population differs from all other species (isolated species) and genetic exchange is also prevented among these species. Physical barriers such as a mountain range or long waterways may makes impossible for them to mate. So, these isolated species develop or evolve according to their habitat, because their gene modifications go in that direction (natural selection!). Disruptive selection is one of the main driving forces of sympatric speciation. Sympatric speciation is different and perhaps it does not exist. It occurs when there are no physical barriers that prevent species to mate together. The occurrence of speciation may be depends on availability of different food sources and existence of different shelters. By observing the differences in gene pool of two different species (by the analysis of genetic drift and recombination), we can tell the factors that led to speciation. Parapatric speciation is also a rare type of speciation which occurs due to the extreme changes in the habitat, but not due to physical barriers. Most evolutionary biologists such as Darwin agreed with the existence of allopatric speciation. Charles Darwin was the initial scientist to elucidate the eminent role of natural selection in speciation. Natural speciation and Darwin observations: Allopatric speciation (from the ancient Greek allos, \"other\" + Greek patra, \"fatherland\") or geographic speciation is speciation that occurs while biological populations of the same species become vicariant. For instance, adaptive radiation, as observed by Charles Darwin in Galapagos finches, is a consequence of allopatric speciation in the midst of island populations. Solution 4). The three types of speciation models are, a). Allopatric speciation b). Sympatric speciation c). Parapatric speciation models Adaptive radiation is the diversity of structures of organisms into new forms under new favorable environmental conditions (Eg: when new food resources are available). The changes of adaptive radiation are rapid and results in phenotypic adaptation of morphological and physiological traits. The mechanism of adaptive radiation is known as allopatric speciation, in which one species in particular population differs from all other species (isolated species) and genetic exchange is also prevented among these species. Physical barriers such as a mountain range or long waterways may makes impossible for them to mate. So, these isolated species develop or evolve acco.

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