This document summarizes several common skin disorders and conditions including dry skin, acne, pigmentation, prickly heat, wrinkles, psoriasis, eczema, hives, impetigo, and ringworm. It discusses signs and symptoms, causes, precautions, treatments, and cosmetic options for each condition. The document provides an overview of different types of skin disorders and aims to educate about common skin problems, their mechanisms, and management approaches.

2. SKIN RELATED DISORDERS
AND COSMETICS
Presented by Guided by
Priyanka Goswami Sunita Lahkar Deka
M.Pharm 2nd sem Associate Professor
Faculty of pharmaceutical science Faculty of pharmaceutical science
Assam down town University Assam down town University

3. CONTENT
• Introduction
• Types of skin related disorders
• Sign and symptoms
• Cause
• Precaution
• Treatment
• Cosmetics
• Conclusion
• Reference
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4. INTRODUCTION
The terms "skin condition" and "skin disorder" are used interchangeably to describe various skin
problems, from small red bumps on the skin to widespread rashes. Viruses, fungi, bacteria, or
parasites can also cause skin issues to develop. Some skin problems have a genetic component. For
example, eczema, which causes weeping, blister-like rashes, is more common in allergy-prone
families.
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5. DRY SKIN
Dry skin is an uncomfortable condition marked by scaling, itching, and cracking. Dry skin can
develop in any part of the body. It most likely to affect hand arms and legs. It is not a serious
condition although it may be uncomfortable. It occur due to less secretion of sebum which
leads to tighting of the skin as a result dehydration and drying of skin occur.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS:
• Dull looking.
• Scaly and flaky skin, with fine lines and wrinkles.
• The skin feels unusually tight and uncomfortable, especially after washing.
• Itchiness
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6. CAUSES OF DRY SKIN
• Environment.
• Air-conditioners and heaters.
• Hot baths and showers.
• Harsh soaps and detergents.
• Medications.
• Poor diet
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7. PRECAUTION
DO DON’T
Do bathe or shower in warm water Don’t take hot showers or baths
Do limit bathing time to 5 minutes per day Don’t take long showers or baths
Do put on moisturizer right after bathing. Use
lotion after washing your hands.
Don’t leave the bathroom without applying
moisturizer
Do towel dry when you get out of the bath or
pool
Don’t “air dry” after bathing or swimming
Intake of water
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8. COSMETICS
• Lotus Herbals Wheatjuvenate Wheatgerm Oil Facial Massage Cream
• Biotique Bio Wheat Germ Youthful Nourishing Night Cream
• The Body Shop Vitamin E Intense Moisture Cream
• Cetaphil Daily Advance Ultra Hydrating Lotion
• Pond’s Dry Skin Cream
• Kaya Purifying Nourisher
• Lakme Maximum Moisturizer Winter Intense
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9. ACNE
A disease that affect the skin’s oil glands. The small holes in your skin(pores) connect to the oil
glands under the skin these glands make a substance called sebum. The pores connect to the
gland by a channel called follicle. When the follicle of the skin gland clogs up, a pimple grows. An
acne is the most common skin disease an estimated 80% of all people have acne at some point.
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10. MECHANISM OF ACNE FORMATION
Oil glands in the skin become plugged for unknown reasons
Bacteria (Propionibacterium acnes) begin to overgrow and
cause an infection.
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11. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
• Blackheads (black spots the size of a pinhead).
• Whiteheads (white spots similar to blackheads).
• Pustules (small pus-filled lesions).
• Redness and inflammation around eruptions.
• lf acne is severe, cysts (larger, firm swellings in the skin), and abscesses (swollen, inflamed,
tender areas of infection containing pus)
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12. CAUSES
• Stress .
• Oily skin .
• Endocrine disorders.
• Use of drugs, such as cortisone, male hormones, or some oral contraceptives (though most oral
contraceptives improve acne).
• Family history of acne .
• Some cosmetic
• Excessive intake of oily food, junk food.
• Less intake of water
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13. PRECAUTION
• After vigorous exercise, wash the sweat and oil off as soon as possible. .
• Avoid the heavier oil based cosmetics and use the thinner, lotion-style, water-based ones.
• Avoid moistuizers unless prescribed by doctor.
• Don't rest your face on your hands while reading, studying or watching T.V.
• Exposure to a limited amount of ultraviolet light may be a recommended treatment.
• Cosmetic surgery (dermebrasion) may be recommended to remove unsightly scars after acne
heals.
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14. TREATMENT
• Topical medications: The most common topical prescription medications for acne are as follows:
• Retinoids and retinoid-like drugs.
• Antibiotics.
• Salicylic acid and azelaic acid.
• Dapsone.
• Oral medications
• Antibiotics.
• Anti-androgen agents.
• Isotretinoin.
• Therapies: These therapies may be suggested in select cases, either alone or in combination with medications.
• Lasers and photodynamic therapy.
• Chemical peel.
• Extraction of whiteheads and blackheads.
• Steroid injection.
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15. COSMETICS
• Himalaya Herbals Acne-N-Pimple Cream
• Vicco Turmeric WSO Skin Cream
• Nomarks Acne Pimple Cream
• Oriflame Pure Skin Spot SOS Gel
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16. PIGMENTATION
Skin pigmentation is a disorder that causes the skin to appear either lighter (hypo pigmentation) or
darker (hyper pigmentation) than the existing skin color.
PRECAUTION
• Wear Sunscreen wisely
• Drink water
• Orange Paste
• Aloe Vera pulp
TYPES OF PIGMENTATION
Melasma, Freckles, Photo Melanosis, Tanning, Vitiligo, Albinism .
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17. TYPES OF PIGMENTATION
Freckles
Melasma
Albinism
Vitiligo
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18. TREATMENT
• PUV therapy
• UVB therapy
• Corticosteroid
• Surgery
COSMETICS
• Kaya Pigmentation Reducing Complex
• Avon Care Fairness Cream
• Olay Total Effects 7-in-1 Anti-Ageing Day Cream
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19. PRICKLY HEAT
Prickly heat (miliaria) is due to blockage of sweat ducts. We have thousands of sweat glands that
lie just under the skin surface. These glands make sweat which travels down the sweat duct to the
skin surface. If the sweat duct is blocked, the sweat seeps into the nearby skin. This causes tiny
pockets of swelling (inflammation) which cause the rash
SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
• The common symptoms of heat rash are red bumps on the skin.
• Itching occur in an area were sweat has been trapped underneath layer of the skin. These are
due to inflammation of the superficial layers of the skin (the ) and the prickly sensation is
similar to the feeling of mild .
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20. CAUSES
• Tight clothing that prevents sweat evaporation.
• Bundling up in heavy clothing or sheets. This may occur when a person tries to keep warm in
wintertime
• Heavy creams or lotions can clog sweat ducts.
• Have immature sweat glands that aren't able to efficiently remove the sweat they produce.
• Heat rash may occur as a side effect of some medications
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21. PRECAUTION
• Avoid exercising in hot, humid weather
• Wear loose clothing made of breathable fabrics like cotton
• Use air conditioning
• Keep the skin clean with frequent baths or showers to prevent sweat glands from becoming
clogged
• Reduce the amount of overlapping skin-on-skin
• Avoid cosmetic that contain petroleum or mineral oil.
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22. TREATMENT
• Topical antibacterial
COSMETIC
• Calamine lotion
• Topical steroid
• Anhydrous lanolin
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23. WRINKLE
When fine lines and wrinkles appear on your skin, they are referred to as wrinkle They typically
appear around your eyes, mouth, forehead and neck.
SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
• Lined and creased skin near your eyes, lips and neck
• Sagging skin, particularly the sensitive skin around the eyes,
lips and neck
• Temporary creases can become deeper and more enduring during the aging process
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24. CAUSES
• Age.
• Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light.
• Smoking.
• Repeated facial expressions.
PRECAUTION
• Protect your skin from the sun.
• Use products with built-in sunscreen.
• Use moisturizers.
• Don't smoke.
• Eat a healthy diet.
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25. TREATMENT
• Topical retinoid.
• Non prescription wrinkle creams.
• Laser, light source and radiofrequency treatments.
• Chemical peel
COSMETICS
• Olay regenerist micro-sculpting cream
• The better skin co. Better skin mirakle cream
• Neutrogena healthy skin anti-wrinkle night cream
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26. PSORIASIS
Psoriasis is a skin problem affecting about 2% of the population. It occurs equally in men and
women, at any age, and tends to come and go unpredictably. It is not infectious, and does not scar
the skin. It is initiated by certain environmental triggers. The exact cause is unknown but many
factors like genetic, environment factors may be responsible
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27. TREATMENT
• Topical treatments
• Topical corticosteroids.
• Vitamin D analogues..
• Anthralin.
• Topical retinoids.
• Calcineurin inhibitors.
• Salicylic acid..
• Coal tar.
• Moisturizers.
• Light therapy (phototherapy)
• Sunlight..
• UVB phototherapy.
• Narrow band UVB phototherapy.
• Goeckerman therapy.
• Psoralen plus ultraviolet A (PUVA).
• Excimer laser.
• Oral or injected medications.
• Retinoids.
• Methotrexate.
• Cyclosporine.
• Drugs that alter the immune system
(biologics).
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28. SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
• Red patches of skin covered with thick, silvery scales
• Small scaling spots (commonly seen in children)
• Dry, cracked skin that may bleed
• Itching, burning or soreness
• Thickened, pitted or ridged nails
• Swollen and stiff joints
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29. OTHER SKIN DISORDERS
DISORDERS
Eczema
Hives
TREATMENT
• Corticosteroid
• Hydrocortisone
• Antihistamine
• Ultraviolet light therapy
• Antihistamine
• Steroids
• Vesoconstrictor
• Anti-inflammatory
COSMETIC
• Cetaphil Daily Hydrating
Lotion
• Puriya cream
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30. OTHER SKIN DISORDERS
DISORDERS
Impetigo
Ring worm
TREATMENT
• Antibiotic
• Antifungal medication
COSMETIC
• Mupirocin
• Clotrimazole (Lotrimin,
Mycelex)
• Miconazole
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31. CONCLUSION
• Skin disorder vary enormously from mild conditions which may affect only the
appearance of the skin to severe diseases which totally incapacitating.
• The degree of treatment required , or even sought, varies accordingly.
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32. REFERENCE
• http://www.health.com/skin-conditions
• https://www.healthline.com/symptom/dry-skin
• https://tibb.co.za/ailments/dry%20skin.pdf
• https://www.nedlc.com/dry_skin_prevention_0516.pdf
• http://www.stylecraze.com/articles/best-face-creams-for-dry-skin/#gref
• https://uhs.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/acne.pdf
• http://www.utsa.edu/health/files/Acne.pdf
• http://www.stylecraze.com/articles/medicines-to-treat-your-pimples/#gref
• https://medical.azureedge.net/pdf/4580.pdf?v=636443588388833177
• https://cosmeticmedicinecentre.com.au/types-skin-pigmentation-treatment/
• http://www.stylecraze.com/articles/pigmentation-creams/#gref
• http://www.livelifepharmacy.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/Heat-Rash-Prickly-Heat-customer-version-V2.pdf
• https://www.healthline.com/health/prickly-heat#symptoms
• https://www.medicinenet.com/heat_rash/article.htm#what_is_heat_rash
• https://www.consumerhealthdigest.com/wrinkle-care/signs-and-symptoms-of-wrinkle.html
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33. • https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/wrinkles/symptoms-causes/syc-20354927
• https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/psoriasis/symptoms-causes/syc-20355840
• https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acne/diagnosis-treatment/drc-203680
• https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heat-rash/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20373282
• https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/wrinkles/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354931
• https://www.bestproducts.com/beauty/g146/anti-aging-wrinkle-creams/
• https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/psoriasis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355845
• https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/eczema/understanding-eczema-treatment#1
• https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-hives/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352723
• http://howtogetridofwartshome.com/best-anti-itch-cream-for-hives/
• http://www.health.com/eczema/eczema-lotions
• https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/impetigo/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352358
• https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/what-is-the-treatment-for-ringworm
• https://www.healio.com/pediatrics/dermatology/news/print/infectious-diseases-in-children/%7B7c3c5d78-1dee-4c2e-8911-c3190345e2c7%7D/topical-products-
used-for-the-treatment-of-common-skin-infections
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