4. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
• A feeling of skin tightness, especially after
showering, bathing or swimming
• Skin that feels and looks rough
• Itching
• Fine lines or cracks
• Gray, ashy skin
• Redness
• Deep cracks that may bleed
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8. Treatment of dry skin:
1.Cleansing:
• Apply moisturizers and or emollients while the skin is
still moist; apply liberally once a day at a minimum
and reapply when required.
• When emollients and moisturizers are insufficient, the
use of ceramides may be considered.
• A barrier cream may be useful for hands and feet.
• When scaling is present, consider a keratolytic such as
urea-based moisturizer, salicylic acid, or glycolic acid
for mildly, moderately, and severely dry skin. Consider
a high concentration keratolytic product on hands and
feet.
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9. 2. Skin care product:
Category Activity Ingredients
Cleansing Removing environmental pollutants and bacteria
that cause unacceptable odors and skin infections
Synthetically produced detergent
cleanser, oil
Emollients Close fissures by fikking spaces around
desquamating and attached the production of an
occlisive barrier; softening of the skin.
Mineral oil(e.g.liquid
paraffin,petrolactum0,waxes(eg.la
nolin,beesswaax)long chain
esters,fatty acids, mono-,di-,tri-
glycerides.
Moisturizers Keratolytic and antipruritic action, providing
soothing, nourishing relief for dry/itchy skin.
Combine a humactant with an
emollient,eg.alpha-hydroxy
acids,such as lactic acid,glycolic
acid,tartaric acid as well as urea,
glycerine.
Topical steroids
and moisturizers
Antiinflammatory and effects of moisturizer Combine a moisturizer,such as
urea cream, with topicalsteroids
Calcineurin
inhibitors
Antiinflammatory to be considered only for severe
cases; the complex of cyclosporine and cyclophilin
inhibits calcineurin
cyclosporine
Antiitch Reduce itching Menthol, camphor, benadryl, cold
wrap
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10. Formulation of cold cream
• White Bees Wax – 10g
• Liquid Paraffin -30g
• Borax -0.5g
• Rose oil -0.1 ml
• Purified Water -10ml
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13. • Acne also known as acne vulgaris , is a long term skin
disease that occurs when hair follicles are clogged with dead
skin cells and oil from the skin.
• It is characterized by blackheads or whiteheads, pimples,
Oily skin, and possible scarring.
• It primarily affects areas of the skin with a relatively high
number of oil glands, including the face , upper part of the
chest , and back.
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15. Causes Of Acne
• Genes
• Hormonal activity, such as occurs
during menstrual cycles and puberty.
• Infections against anarobic bacterial
species Propionibacterium acnes
• High- glycemic- load diets.
• Stress
• Several medications like Lithium
,Hydantoin, Isoniazid, Bromides,
Testosterone.
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16. Treatment of Acne
A] Topical Retinoids
• Topical retinoides are mainly used in patients with
non- inflammatory comedones,in combination with
other topical and systemic drugs in mild, moderate
and severe inflammatory acne.
• Tretinoin, Isotretinoin and Retinaldehyde are the
retinoids are used today in the management of acne.
B] Antibiotics
• Topical antibiotics are generally used for mild and
moderate inflammatory acne.
• The most popular topical antibiotics used in acne
treatment are erythromycin and Clindamycin.
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17. C) Benzoyl Peroxide
• Benzoyl Peroxide is a topical
disinfectant,used as a peeling agent
for treatment of acne.
D) Azelaic Acid
• Azelaic acid is a natural dicarboxylic
acid that inhibits protein synthesis
of the P.acne species.
• It is an effective agent because it has
bacteriostatic, anti- inflammatory
and antioxident.
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