This presentation is all about skin structure and skin related problem and their treatment

1. CONTENT
 Structure of skin
 Functions of skin
 Skin relating problems
 Structure of hair
 Hair growth cycle

2. COSMETICS
 Cosmetic is a article intended to be rubbed,
poured, sprinked or sprayed on ,introduced
into or otherwise applied to the human body
or part there of for cleaning , beautifying,
promoting attractiveness or altering the
appearance of skin.

3. CLASSIFICATION OF COSMETICS
1. Skin – powders, cream, lotion.
2. Nail – nail polish.
3. Teeth –toothpowder toothpaste.
4. Hair – shampoo, hair remover.

4. INTRODUCTION
SKIN
Skin is the largest organ in the body and
covers body's entire external surface .
It is made up of three layers ;-
 Epidermis
 Dermis
 Hypodermis
The skin serves barriers against pathogen,
uv light, chemical and mechanical injury .

6. LAYER OF SKIN
EPIDERMIS
 Outer layer that is a barriers to infection
superficial.
 Made up of stratified squamous epithelial
cells.
 LAYERS OF EPIDERMIS
1. Stratum conium
2. Stratum lucidum

7. 3. Stratum granulosum
4. Stratum spinosum
5. Stratum basale
DERMIS
 Middle layer that contains nerves,hair
roots.
 Sweat and oil glands and blood vessels.
HYPODERMIS
 It contain fats, blood vessel and
connective tissue that helps

8. FUNCTIONS OF SKIN
 Sensation
 Protection
 Excretion
 Absorption
 Regulation
 Secretion
 Vitamin D production

10. SKIN RELATED PROBLEMS
1. Dry skin – chapping and cracking are signs
of extremely dry, dehydrated skin.
 Its looks dull especially on the cheeks and
around eyes.
 Dry skin has low level of sebum and can be
prone to sensitivity. It usually feels tight and
uncomfortable after washing unless some
type of moisturizer is applied.

11. CAUSES
 The oil glands do not supply enough
lubrication to the skin.
 Dry skin could be due to genetic condition.
 Harsh soaps ,itchy clothing, exposure to
sun,cold environment and long hot shower.
 Poor diet , nutritional deficiencies , vitamin A
and B deficiency.
 Condition such as dermitis ,eczema.

12. CARE FOR DRY SKIN
 Skip long hot shower,go for soap free or mild
soap cleanser .
 Use gentle cleanser or shower gel with
moisturizer.
 A moisturizers increases the water content of
the outer layer of skin and gives it a soft and
moist look.
 It also need extra careful protection.

13. COSMETIC USED FOR DRY SKIN
 HIMALAYA INTENSIVE FACE
MOISTURIZING LOTION.
 LOTUS HERBALS NOURISHMENT CREAM
 AYUR HERBALS MOISTURIZER CRÈAM
 SHREEKUL HERBAL MOISTURING
CREAM

14. ACNE
 Acne is an inflammatory skin condition that
occurs when oil and dead skin cells block the
pore opening causing sebum to build up in side
the pores.
 LIFE CYCLE OF ACNE
 Stages 1; clogged pores – cells lining pores
shed and mix with excess sebum produced by
sebaceous glands, forming a plug which leads
to clogged pores.

15.  Stage 2; Bacteria – accumulated sebum
and dead cells attract the P. acne bacteria
naturally found in skin which feeds on oil
and multiplies rapidly inside pores.
 Stage3; Inflammation- this bacterial
overgrowth triggers the natural
inflammatory response causing swelling
and redness. This can ultimately lead to
discoloration and scarring.

16. CAUSES
 Genetics is the primary cause of acne .
 Hormonal activity ,such as occurs during
menstrual cycles and puberty.
 Stress can causes or worsens acne.
 Several medications can worson pre-existing
acne. Examples of such medications include
hydantion ,isoniazid,testosterone.

17. TREATMENT
 Using cleanser for oily skin toners help to
remove excess sebum.
 Do not use harsh products .
 Anti inflammentary drugs to inhibit P.acnes.
 Use antibiotics examples tetracycline
erythromycin or co–trimoxazle etc .to curb
the growth of bacteria and reduce
inflammation.
 Treatment for hormonally influenced acne in
women ex antiandrogen drugs

18. COSMETICS
 MASKS – Clay,Kaolin,talc
 ADJUVANTS COSMETICS- Cosmetics with
fragrances and photosensitizers should be
avoided . Water based foundation is safe to
use.
 OIL FREE MOISTURIZERS
 SOAP FREE CLEANSERS
 EXFOLIATORS

19. PIGMENTATION
 Pigmentation refers to the colouring of the
skin .Skin pigmention disorders cause
changes to the colour of your skin.
 Skin gets its color from pigment called
melanin.
 It occur due to the deposition of the melanin
which is produce by specialized cells called
melanocytes.

20. CAUSES
 Eczema.
 Psoriasis.
 Skin allergies .
 Injury to the skin .
 Insect bites.
 Acne.

21. TREATMENT
 Topical prescription medication such as 4%
hydroquinone are often to treat Hyper
pigmentation.
 Aloevera contain aloin, a natura
depigmenting compound.
 Brightening product that contain licorice
root,pine tree, vitamin E , vitamin C.
 Proactiv complextion perfecting hydrator

22. PRICKLY HEAT
 The condition that we call prickly heat, also
known as heat rash , happens to adult and
children when sweat becomes trapped under
the skin.
 CAUSES – Heat rash is caused by a
blockage of the sweat gland ,especially after
repeated sweating , leading to inflammation
which causes itching , prickling sensation
and red rashes.

23. TREATMENT
 Remain in cool environment e.g, air
conditioning or close to a fan and allow for
adequate ventilation of the skin.
 Take cool shower or baths several times a
day and always after exercise or heat
exposure.
 Use cool packs on affected areas.
 Pinetarsol shower gel , calamine lotion,
cortisone creams

24. WRINKLES
 Wrinkles are lines and furrow that form in
skin.
 These are especially noticeable around
mouth ,neck, hands and eyes.
 CAUSES
 Age, less elastic and more fragile .
 Decrease production of natural oils dry skin
and makes it appear more wrinkled.

25.  Exposure to uv sunlight break down skin
connective tissue collagen and elastin
fibers.
 Without supportive connective tissue skin
losses strength and flexibility.skin then
begins to sag and wrinkle prematurely.
 Repeated facial expression.
 Smoking .

26. TREATMENT
 Topical retinoid ;- Derived from vitamin
A,tretinoin and tazarotene- that may reduce
fine wrinkles , splotches and skin roughness.
 Because retinoids can make skin burn more
easily, need to use a broad spectrum
sunscreen and wear protective clothing daily.
 Retinoids may cause redness, dryness,
itching and burning or tingling sensation.

27.  Anti wrinkles cream .
 Rhytidectomy is a type of cosmetic surgery
procedure used to give a more youthful facial
appearance.
 Plump up with moisturizer .
 Don’t over do anti-aging cream.

28. BODY ODOUR
 Smell of bacteria growing on the body, but it
is actually the result of bacteria breaking
down protein into certain acids, linked to the
apocrine glands .
 People who sweat too much, such as those
hyperhidrosis, may also be susceptible to
body odor. However , often the salt level of
their sweat is to high for the bacteria to
breakdown .

29. PREVENTION
 Keep the armpits clean.
 Deodorant or antiperspirant .
TREATMENTS
 Wash daily with warm water .
 Clothing
 perfumes
.

30. THANK YOU