Presentation on Role of GIS in Health Care Management by Dr. Dipti Mukherji during Seminar on Spatial Dimensions on Health Care - Use of GIS in Health Studies Organised by CEHAT and University of Mumbai on 24th Sep 2010
13. What Makes a Good Map?
How well does map communicate to
audience?
What is the motive, intent, or goal of the
map
Who will read the map?
Where will the map be used?
What data is available for the composition
of the
map?
What resources are available in terms of
14. Relevance of GIS Technology
Thematic map (dynamic/static)
handles efficiently large number of
variables
detect changes
multivariate statistical analysis
sieving of information.
16. Recent advances in Geographical
Information and mapping technologies -
created new opportunities –
public health administration
enhanced planning, analysis,
monitoring and management of
health systems.
17. User asks generic spatial and
temporal questions:
a) Where is ? ----location
b) What is?---- infomation
c) What is the spatial relation?---pattern
d) What is similar to?---spatial correlation
e) Is there any change over time?
f) What are the anomalies?– Deviations are
equally important to understand new
patterns
18. How to use a GIS for Spatial health Information
1. Mapping where things are
2. Mapping quantities
3. Mapping densities
4. Finding what’s inside
5. Finding what’s nearby
6. Mapping change
19. Operations at pre-mapping Stage
Selection of a proper base map
Scanning --- raster
Digitisation for vectorbase
Preparation of different files—
Preparation of attribute data table
Geocoding
Linking of data for final preparation
Advantage of manipulation
Overlay operation
Query Building
20. The Origins of Spatial
Analysis
• By plotting each known cholera
case on a street map
• where the outbreak took place
• Snow could see that the cases
occurred almost entirely among
those who lived near the Broad
Street water pump.
21. This map is a
digital recreation
of Dr Snow’s
hand-drawn map.
The 1854 cholera
deaths are
displayed as
small black
circles. The grey
polygon
represents the
former burial plot
of plague victims.
The Broad Street pump (shown in the centre of the map)
proved to be the source of contaminated water, just
as Snow had hypothesised
22. Spatial Health Information
System—
(SHIS)
classifies multifaceted, real-world data from disparate
sources into map layers
each covering a single aspect of reality
linking these layers by spatially matching them, and
querying and analysing them together to produce new
information and hypotheses.
This can be considered one form of data-mining, and is
especially useful in the context of aggregated health
records.
23. planning, management and delivery of
suitable health services
determining healthcare needs of the
target community and service
catchment zones.
24. GIS can help to find the right site for
PHC in a village,
hospital locations
alignment transportation network
disease distribution
and healthcare facilities and workforce
blend client locations with health data
Health related analysis
25. GIS - assist in assessing resource allocation and
accessibility (health services, schools, water points)
planning and targeting interventions, - simulating
“what-if” scenarios before implementing them
forecasting epidemics, and monitoring diseases
(surveillance) and interventions over time.
emergency dispatch systems.
26. GIS is essential --- required to
support effective decision
Maps ----Not to make simply the
colourful maps
Message in the maps should be
readily interpretable in the mind
of the decision makers in order to
take appropriate decision based
on such message
New trends – interactive mapping
27. 3 Ms of Health GIS
Mapping
Measuring
Monitoring and evaluation
Modeling
47. GIS--- easy to handle large volume of data---
expertise required to perform certain
operations --- A lot of pre-mapping input
becomes necessary, although actual
preparation of a map appears to be a 2
minute’s job.
48. Open Source and Web GIS
A free and open source web-based GIS
application portal for geocoding,
geocode correction, address validation,
and data capture.
Client server Architecture to distributed
ones
Improves decision making process
49. Embedded GIS
• within a standalone application
• as a distributed application where each
subsystem is running on different
computers at different locations, -
performing the overall functionality
• as a pluggable software component that
could be embedded within a business
application.
50.
51. The future of GIS
Cloud Computing
Access to online cloud-based services - built
into ArcGIS software - users can directly tap
into ready-to-use content from ArcGIS Online.
This includes high-quality imagery,
topographic maps, and street basemaps, as
well as routing and geocoding services for
North America and Europe.
52.
53. Enterprise GIS and Open Source GIS
The basic idea of an enterprise GIS is to
address the needs of departments
collectively instead of individually.
