Learning Process

1. Learning Process
Dr. Pratibha Sagar

2. Learning Process
•Learning takes place when
information is received into the
mind and then processed to make
sense of it.

3. Learning Process
•Learning new information is
made possible by connecting it to
existing information and then
storing it so that it can be
retrieved later.

4. THE LEARNING PROCESS
LEARNING
CHARACTERISTICS
OF THE LEARNER
NATURE OF THE
MATERIALS
CRITERIAL TASK
LEARNING
STRATEGIES

5. Steps in Learning Process

6. Steps in Learning Process
•Motivation
•Goal
•Barrier
•Various Exploratory Responses
•Reinforcement
•Integration

7. How Do We Learn?
•Observation and imitation
•Association of items
•Relating behaviour to its effects
(rewards)

8. Learning as a Not-So-Black Box
Learner
INPUTS
INPUTS
INPUTS
INPUTS
INPUTS
Environment
OUTCOMES
OUTCOMES
OUTCOMES
Lost

9. Theories of Learning

10. Learning Theory
Learning theories are attempts
to describe how people and
animals learn.
There are two main approaches
to learning theories which
provide different perspectives on
how learning occurs.

11. Approaches
to Learning
Behavioural
S – R Theories
Cognitive
S – O – R Theories

12. Behavioural Approaches

13. Behavioural Approaches
•Behaviour is everything that
we do, both verbal and
nonverbal, that can be
directly seen or heard

14. Behavioural Approaches
• S – Stimulus, any event or
object in the environment to
which an organism responds.
•R – Response, Desired
change in behaviour, the end
product of S-R chain.

15. Behavioural Approaches
• Learning is matter of
connection between S-R. It is
also called as connectionist
approach.
•Learner solves problems by
assembling past experiences and
responds to new problem.

16. S – R
THEORIES
Classical
Conditioning
Operant
Conditioning
Thorndike’s
Trial &
Error
Skinner’s
Operant
Conditioning
Pavlov’s
Classical
Conditioning

17. Cognitive Approach

18. Cognitive Approaches
Cognitive learning posits
that learning results from
an individual’s conscious
information processing
activity to solve problems
Cognitive theories are
based on perception and
understanding the
problem.

19. S – O - R
THEORIES
Field Theory
Gestalt
theory
Kohler’s
Insight
Theory
Tolman’s Sign
Gestalt
Theory
Kurt-Lewin’s
Field
Theory