4. What Learning Is?
A relatively permanent
influence on behavior,
knowledge, and thinking
skills, which comes about
through experience
5. What Learning Is?
Once something is learned,
the skills are not lost
Examples include driving a
car, operating a computer,
and downhill skiing
6. What Learning Is?
evolves over time
can only by inferred, not
directly observed
is closely linked to
perception
7. What Learning is Not
Capacities that are inborn or
innate
Examples include swallowing,
flinching at loud noises, and
blinking
8. Expanding what learning means:
Learning refers to the relatively
permanent change in a subject’s behavior
to a given situation brought about by his (or
her) repeated experiences in that situation,
provided that the behavior change cannot be
explained on the basis of native response
tendencies, maturation, or temporary states
of the subject (e.g., fatigue, drugs, etc.).
9. Learning
Person is an active participant
Stages:
Perception
Cognitive Processes
Response
Behavior
Memory Change
12. Definitions of Learning
The term learning covers
every modification in
behaviour to meet
environmental requirements”.
(Gardner Murphy, 1968)
13. Definitions of Learning
Learning is the acquisition of
new behavior or the
strengthening or weakening
of old behavior as the result
of experience.
(Henry P Smith, 1962)
14. So Learning Is……..
Learning is a change in
behaviour. This change-
better or worse.
15. So Learning Is……..
It’s a change that take place
through practice or
experience; changes due to
growth and maturation are
not learning.
16. So Learning Is……..
The change must be
relatively permanent, it must
last for a fairly long period.
17. The 4 Factors That Form The
Definition of Learning:
1. Learning is inferred from a
change in behaviour /
performance*
2. Learning results in an
inferred change in memory
18. The 4 Factors That Form The
Definition of Learning:
3. Learning is the result of
experience
4. Learning is relatively
permanent
19. The 4 Factors That Form The
Definition of Learning:
This means that behaviour
changes that are temporary
or due to things like drugs,
alcohol, etc., are not
"learned".
20. How Do We Learn?
Observation and imitation
Association of items
Relating behaviour to its
effects (rewards)
21. Learning Types
Accretion – acquiring new
facts or augmenting memory.
Restructuring – acquiring a
new procedure for a novel
situation.