This document discusses several non-communicable diseases (NCDs) including cardiovascular diseases, cancer, arthritis, allergies, hay fever, conjunctivitis, eczema, hives, anaphylactic shock, asthma, and vascular diseases. It provides details on the causes, symptoms, and treatments for each condition. The main points are that NCDs are chronic conditions caused by lifestyle factors that develop slowly over time and may not cause symptoms initially. Examples provided include heart disease, stroke, and hardening of the arteries. Allergies can cause hay fever, conjunctivitis and eczema through abnormal immune responses to allergens like pollen or pet dander.
5. NCD IS A MEDICAL
CONDITION OR DISEASE
▪ Caused by how people lived
▪ with long duration
▪ relatively slow in progress
▪ which a person is unaware of the
disease unless or otherwise
examined
▪ a silent killer of people
6. ALLERGY
▪Allergies are caused by an abnormal
response of the immune system. The
immune system reacts to a usually harmless
substance in the environment.
▪This substance can be pollen, mold, dust,
animal dander, certain foods, insect stings,
etc. and is referred to as an allergen.
7.
8. HAY FEVER (ALLERGIC RHINITIS)
▪Hay fever is caused by an allergic response to
outdoor or indoor allergens, such as pollen,
dust mites, or tiny flecks of skin and saliva
shed by cats, dogs, and other animals with fur
or feathers (pet dander).
9. HAY FEVER (ALLERGIC RHINITIS)
Hay fever signs and symptoms can include:
▪ Runny nose and nasal congestion
▪ Watery, itchy, red eyes (allergic conjunctivitis)
▪ Sneezing
▪ Cough
▪ Itchy nose, roof of mouth or throat
▪ Swollen, blue-colored skin under the eyes (allergic shiners)
▪ Fatigue
11. CONJUNCTIVITIS
▪ an inflammation or infection of the transparent membrane
(conjunctiva) that lines your eyelid and covers the white part of
your eyeball. When small blood vessels in the conjunctiva
become inflamed, they're more visible. This is what causes the
whites of your eyes to appear reddish or pink.
▪ Though conjunctivitis can be irritating, it rarely affects your
vision. Treatments can help ease the discomfort of conjunctivitis.
Because pink eye can be contagious, early diagnosis and
treatment can help limit its spread.
12. CONJUNCTIVITIS
▪ The most common conjunctivitis symptoms include:
▪ Redness in one or both eyes
▪ Itchiness in one or both eyes
▪ A gritty feeling in one or both eyes
▪ A discharge in one or both eyes that forms a crust during the
night that may prevent your eye or eyes from opening in the
morning
▪ Tearing
14. ALLERGIC ECZEMA
▪ a condition that makes your skin red and itchy. It's common in
children but can occur at any age.
▪ is long lasting (chronic) and tends to flare periodically. It may be
accompanied by asthma or hay fever.
▪ No cure has been found for atopic dermatitis. But treatments
and self-care measures can relieve itching and prevent new
outbreaks.
▪ For example, it helps to avoid harsh soaps, moisturize your skin
regularly, and apply medicated creams or ointments.
15. ALLERGIC ECZEMA
Eczema signs and symptoms vary widely from person to person and include:
▪ Dry skin
▪ Itching, which may be severe, especially at night
▪ Red to brownish-gray patches, especially on the hands, feet, ankles, wrists,
neck, upper chest, eyelids, inside the bend of the elbows and knees, and in
infants, the face and scalp
▪ Small, raised bumps, which may leak fluid and crust over when scratched
▪ Thickened, cracked, scaly skin
▪ Raw, sensitive, swollen skin from scratching
17. HIVES
▪Hives are a red, raised, itchy skin rash that is
sometimes triggered by an allergen. An allergen is
something that produces an allergic reaction.
Signs and symptoms of hives are:
▪Raised red welts or swollen mark
▪Intense itching
19. ALLERGIC SHOCK (ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK)
▪ Life-threatening allergic reaction. It can occur within seconds
or minutes of exposure to something you're allergic to, such as
peanuts or bee stings.
▪ Causes your immune system to release a flood of chemicals
that can cause you to go into shock — your blood pressure
drops suddenly and your airways narrow, blocking breathing.
Signs and symptoms include a rapid, weak pulse; a skin rash;
and nausea and vomiting. Common triggers include certain
foods, some medications, insect venom and latex.
20. ALLERGIC SHOCK (ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK)
Usually occur within minutes of exposure to an allergen. Sometimes, however, it
can occur a half-hour or longer after exposure. Signs and symptoms include:
▪ Skin reactions, including hives and itching and flushed or pale skin
▪ Low blood pressure (hypotension)
▪ Constriction of your airways and a swollen tongue or throat, which can cause
wheezing and trouble breathing
▪ A weak and rapid pulse
▪ Nausea, vomiting or diarrhea
▪ Dizziness or fainting
22. ASTHMA
▪ Asthma is a chronic disease of the airways that transport air to
and from the lungs.
▪ In a person with asthma, the inside walls of the airways, known
as bronchial tubes, become swollen or inflamed. This swelling
or inflammation makes the airways extremely sensitive to
irritations and increases their susceptibility to an allergic
reaction.
▪ In an allergic reaction, the airways swell, and the muscles around
the airway tighten, making it difficult for air to move in and out
of the lungs.
23. ASTHMA
Signs and symptoms:
▪Shortness of breath
▪Wheezing
▪Coughing
▪Chest tightness
Asthma may be prevented through lifestyle
changes, activity reduction, allergy-shots, and
medications
24. CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
▪Is the disease of the heart and blood vessels.
▪These include Heart Diseases and Vascular
Disease
25. HEART (CARDIO) DISEASE
▪CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE is an abnormality in
the heart’s structure that you’re born with
▪CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE is the ability of the
heart to keep up with the demands on it, with
failure of the heart to pump blood with normal
efficiency. When this occurs, the heart is unable to
provide adequate blood flow to other organs, such
as the brain, liver and kidney
26. HEART (CARDIO) DISEASE
▪ ARRHYTMIAis an irregular heartbeat.
▪ RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE is a condition in which permanent
damage to heart valves is caused by rheumatic fever. The heart valve
is damaged by a disease process that generally begins with a strep
throat caused by bacteria called Streptococcus, and may eventually
cause rheumatic fever.
▪ MYOCARDIAL INFRACTION is also known as a heart attack, cardiac
infarction, and coronary thrombosis. An interrupted blood flow
damages or destroys part of the heart muscle. This is usually caused
by a blood clot that develops in one of the coronary arteries and can
also occur if an artery suddenly narrows or spasms.
27. VASCULAR (BLOOD VESSEL) DISEASE
▪ARTERIOSCLEROSIS occurs when the blood vessels
that carry oxygen and nutrients from your heart to
the rest of your body (arteries) become thick and
stiff — sometimes restricting blood flow to your
organs and tissues. Healthy arteries are flexible and
elastic, but over time, the walls in your arteries can
harden, a condition commonly called hardening of
the arteries.
28. VASCULAR (BLOOD VESSEL) DISEASE
▪HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE is a common condition in
which the long-term force of the blood against your
artery walls is high enough that it may eventually
cause health problems, such as heart disease.
Blood pressure is determined both by the amount of
blood your heart pumps and the amount of
resistance to blood flow in your arteries. The more
blood your heart pumps and the narrower your
arteries, the higher your blood pressure.
29. VASCULAR (BLOOD VESSEL) DISEASE
▪ STROKE occurs when the blood supply to part of your brain is
interrupted or reduced, preventing brain tissue from getting
oxygen and nutrients. Brain cells begin to die in minutes. A
stroke is a medical emergency, and prompt treatment is crucial.
Early action can reduce brain damage and other complications.
▪ ANEURYSM is the enlargement of an artery caused by weakness
in the arterial wall. Often there are no symptoms, but a ruptured
aneurysm can lead to fatal complications. An aneurysm refers to
a weakening of an artery wall that creates a bulge, or distention,
of the artery.
