Micromeritics - Fundamental and Derived Properties of Powders
Foundations of Group Behavior slides pptx
1. Foundations of Group Behavior
The Passionate Icons
Maryam Imtiaz
Aftab Muhib
Hira Khan
Nayab Jahanzeb
Kainat Rehman
Sidra Jan
2. Contents
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Stages of Group Development
Group Properties
Group Decision Making
Group Decision-Making Techniques
Conclusion
Defining Group
3. What is Group?
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Stephen P. Robins:
“Two or more individuals, interacting and interdependent,
who have come together to achieve particular objectives”
4. What is Group?
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Fred Luthans says:
If a group exists in an organization, its members:
1. Are motivated to join
2. Perceive the group as a unified unit of interacting people
3. Contribute in various amounts to the group processes (that is, some
people contribute more time or energy to the group than do others)
4. Reach agreements and have disagreements through various forms of
interaction
5. Classification of Groups
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Formal Group:
“A designated work group
defined by the organization’s
structure”
Example:
Six members crew making up
an airline flight.
Informal Group:
“A group that is neither
formally structured nor
organizationally determined;
appears in response to the need
for social contact”
Example:
Three students who regularly
go to school together.
6. Sub Classification of Groups
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1. Command Group
2. Task Group
3. Interest Group
4. Friendship Group
9. Relationship Between Group Cohesiveness,
Performance Norms And Productivity:
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High
productivity
Moderate
productivity
Low
productivity
Moderate to
low
productivity
PerformanceNorms
Cohesiveness
High
High
Low
Low
11. Group Decision Making
Broad Representation
More Ideas Generated
Evaluation Of Options
Coordination
Quality Decision
Time Consuming
Level of Trust
Dominated Personalities
Capabilities of Members
Ambiguous
Responsibility
Strengths & Weaknesses of Group Decisions:
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12. Group Think & Group Shift
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Group Think:
Imposing unpopular view
Opposing Popular view
Group Shift:
Exaggerating less important view
Avoiding more important view
How to minimize Group Think?
Monitor Group Size
Impartiality of Leader
Seeking View From Each Member
14. Evaluating Group Effectiveness
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Effectiveness Criteria Interacting Brainstorming Nominal Electronic
No. & of Quality of Ideas Low Moderate High High
Money Costs Low Low Low High
speed Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate
Commitment to solution High Not applicable Moderate Moderate
Group Cohesiveness High High Moderate Low
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15. Conclusion
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Illustration of Group by
(CEO of Continental Airline)
“ We are like a wristwatch-lots of different parts, but the whole has value only
when we all work together. It has no value when any part fails.”
Gordon Bethune
21. Performing
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Performin
g
Characteristics
• Energetic
• Creative
• Participative
• Motivated
• Show high levels
of loyalty
• Group decision-
making.
Activities
• Self-directing in
development of
plans
• Strategy to meet
their goals
• Carry out work
23. Group Properties - Roles
A set of expected behavior patterns attributed to
someone occupying a given position in a social unit.
Role identity
Role perception
Role expectation
Role Conflict
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24. Group Properties - Status
A socially defined position or rank given to groups
or group members by others.
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Group Norms
Group interaction
Status Equity
Group Member
Status
25. Group Properties - Status
Status Characteristics Theory
1. The Power a person wields over others
2. A person’s ability to contribute to a group’s goals
3. An individual’s personal Characteristics
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26. Group Properties - Norms
Acceptable standards of behavior within a group that are shared
by the group’s members.
Classes of Norms
Performance Norms
Appearance Norms
Social Arrangement
Norms
Allocation of Resources
Norms
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27. Group Properties - Size
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The size of a group affects the group’s overall behavior.
Social Loafing:
The tendency for individuals to expend less effort when
working collectively than when working individually.
Other Conclusions:
• Odd number groups do
better than even.
• Groups of 7 or 9 perform
better overall than larger or
smaller groups.
28. Group Properties - Cohesiveness
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Degree to which group members are attracted to each other
and are motivated to stay in the group.
Suggestions to Encourage Group Cohesiveness:
Stimulate competition
Make the
group smaller
Encourage
agreement
Increase
interaction
Increase the
status
Isolate the
group
Give rewards
29. Command Group
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“A group composed of the individuals who report directly to a
given manager.”
Example:
An army officer and his subordinate soldiers form a command
group.
30. Task Group
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“Task group Represents those working together to complete a
job task.”
Example:
A panel of employers to conduct interviews for the new
post
31. Interest Group
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“Those working together to attain a specific objective with
which each is concerned.”
Example:
Employees who band together to support a peer who
has been fired.
32. Friendship Group
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“Those brought together because they share one or more
common characteristics.”
Example:
Groups based on similar age, heritage etc.