3. Transmission losses in 3-phase AC current:
∆Pt = 3 I2 R …(1)
Regardless of the capacitive current, I along the same transmission wire :
…(2)
By substituting (2) to (1), then:
∆Pt = Total transmission losses (watts)
I = Current on the transmission wire (A)
R = Resistance of wire transmission per phase (Ohm)
P = Load power at the receiving end of the transmission (watts)
V = Transmitter receiving phase (Volt) phase voltage
Cos = Load power factor
CosrV
P
I
3
22
2
CosrV
RP
tP
4. •
Transmission losses are directly proportional to the
amount of resistance and inversely proportional to the
square of the transmission voltage, so that the
reduction of losses is done by increasing the
transmission voltage
22
2
CosrV
RP
tP
6. Main Things
Differentiate High Voltage Equipment From Low Voltage
• Isolation System
• The size of equipment components that conduct current
• Cooling system
• Splicing of conductors
• Overvoltage protection
7. High Voltage Equipment Insulation System
E = Electric field pressure in insulation
V = Equipment working voltage Cooling system
S = Spacing of the electrodes Overvoltage protection
Insulation construction is made in such a way as to be able to bear high electric field
pressure by:
1. Enlarge the dimensions of the insulating material
2. Control the electric field pressure
s
V
E
9. Controlling Electric Field
Pressure
1. Arranging equipment parts to form the electrode arrangement such that the electric field pressure in the
insulation system decreases
2.
2. Making voltage leveling electrodes that function to even out the voltage distribution in the insulation system
• Internal leveling electrodes
• External leveling electrodes
• Intermediate leveler electrodes
11. High Voltage Equipment
Conductors
I = Current flowing at the core of the cable(A)
R = Cable core resistance(Ohm)
P = Load power losses (Watts)
RIP 2 THERMAL
INCREASE
TEMPERATURE
CONDUCTOR
CABLE ISOLATION
Spread heat from
the core less cable
Minimize core resistance
Increase the size of the
cross section
13. Voltage Levels That The
Equipment May Carry
1. Continuous work voltage
2. Voltage over frequency power
“if there is a short circuit of one phase to the ground which
results in a voltage increase in the other two phases”
3. Overvoltage voltage surge
4. Over voltage surges of lightning