Economics

1. Characteristics or Features of
Indian Economy
•Income
•Inequalities in Income and Wealth
•Predominance of Agriculture
•Underutilised Natural Resources
•Rapid Growth of Population
•Large Unemployment
•Low Rate of Capital Formation
•Poor Quality of Human Capital

2. Characteristics Contd..
•Dualistic Economy
•Backward Techonology
•Lack of socio-economic Setup

3. Population in India
Features of India’s Population Demographic
Profile
•Size and Growth of Population
•Density of Population
•Sex Ratio
•Rural and Urban Population
•Life Expectancy
•Literacy Rate
•Birth and Death Rate
•Age Composition

4. Causes for Rapid Growth of
Population
I. Economic Factors:
a. Predominance of Agriculture
b. Slow Urbanisation Process
c. Poverty
II. Social Factors:
a.Marriage is a Universal Composition
b. Joint Family System
c. Illiteracy and Ignorance

5. Causes contd…
III. Climatic Factors
IV. Religious Factors
Causes for Declining Death Rates:
• Control of diseases
• Control of Famines
• Improved Medical Facilities
• Effect of Economic Development

6. Demographic Transition
•First Stage
•Second stage
•Third Stage
•Fourth Stage

7. Population Explosion and
Consequences on Economic
Development of India
• Disparity between population Growth and
Growth of National Income
•Overcrowding in Agriculture
•Effect on Food Supply
•Unemployment
• Effect on consumption
•Reduction in Capital Formation

8. Consequences contd…
• Unproductive Consumers
•Energy Problem
•Others

9. Suitable Measures to Control
population or Remedies for
Population Explosion
I. Economic Measures
a. Expansion of Industrial Sector
b. Creation of Employment opportunities
in Cities
c. Poverty Eradication and Equal
Distribution of Income

10. Remedies Contd…
II. Social Measures
a. Education
b. To raise the status of Women
c. To increase Marriage Age
III. Family Planning Programme
a.General Information Programme
b. Incentives and Restrictions
c. Family Planning Centres
d. Research