The document discusses several key characteristics of the Indian economy and population including high income inequality, a predominance of agriculture, rapid population growth, and large unemployment. It also examines the causes of population growth such as the predominance of agriculture, poverty, and social factors like the joint family system. Finally, it outlines some of the consequences of high population growth on economic development in India like increased unemployment and food shortages, and suggests remedies like expanding education and industry to control further population growth.