Structuralism presentation

1. Structuralis
m
Lets
Begin
Karachi University
Department Teacher Education
Batch 2013th

2. PARTICIPANTS
• Nabeel Ahmad
• Maleeka Mehmood
• Anum Hanif
• Wajeeha Manzoor
• Namra Mushtaq

3. Coming Up Next!
• Brief history.
• What Structuralism Actually
Is?
• INTROSPECTION
(method which forms the basis of
Structuralism.)
What is introspection, its merits and
limitations.
• Exemplification

7. Wilhelm Wundt
• Wrote FIRST systematic book of psychology
(Physiological psychology)
• After receiving M.D degree, he began career
as a Physiologist.
• Later became interested in COMPLEX
MENTAL PROCESSES.
• He was convinced that experimental
methods of PHYSIOLOGY could be
applied to RESEARCH on
CONSCIOUSNESS

8. Wilhelm Wundt is regarded as
Father Of Experimental
Psychology
Wundt broke
Consciousness into two
categories
(Objective sensation and
Subjective feelings)
Wundt broke
Consciousness into two
categories
(Objective sensation and
Subjective feelings)

12. So What Structuralism
Really Is
Refers to a theory of Consciousness
developed by William Wundt and Edward
Bradford Titcehner.
It seeks to analyze the ADULT
MIND (birth-present) in terms of simplest
definable components.
These components fit together to from
complex experiences which are also
related to Physical events

13. Parts Leading
To A Whole In
Mind

14. GOAL OF
STRUCTURALISM

15. Understanding Consciousness!
having Self
awareness
and ability
to introspect

16. Angry Girl V/S Angry
Cat
If you are angry, you can try to understand
your anger, why you are angry, what that
anger feels like, etc. But can a cat?

17. ELEMENTS OF
CONSCIOUSNESS• Consciousness the sum of our experiences
that exist at any given time.

19. Introspectionhave You Seen
An Inspector?

20. Oldest research
method of
psychology

21. Introspection?
¤ Introspection is the examination of one's own conscious
thoughts and feelings.
¤ In psychology, the process of introspection relies solely on
observation of one's mental state, while in a spiritual context it
may refer to the examination of one's soul.
¤ Introspection is closely related to human self-reflection and
is contrasted with external observation.
¤ The philosopher Plato asked, "…why should we not calmly
and patiently review our own thoughts, and thoroughly examine
and see what these appearances in us really are?"

22. Introspective
Observation is
what we have to
rely on first and
foremost and
always
WILLIAM JAMES

23. •Cheapest and most economical method
•No need of apparatus or laboratory
•Can be used anytime anywhere.
•Easiest and readily available to individual
•Only method which helps a person to know
and discover own feelings and emotions
•This method gradually led to the development
of more objective methods.

24. Limitations
 Data collected by introspection can not
be verified/ proved .
It is possible that the reporter may
knowingly lie or hide facts to mislead.
It can only be done by adults and not
children.
It needs Highly TRAINED AND
SKILLED workers

25.  In introspection mind studies its own working but actually
mind can not accurately study itself.
 EXAMPLE When one is in fear/ anger he can not study
his mind. After a while when anger disappears he can
study his mind.
(To expect an individual to study the working of
mind during an emotional state is a mistaken belief)

26. • Human beings are NOT Static Objects.
• Their mental process is under constant change.
• So when attempts to introspect, the STATE of
mental process disappears.
• Hence introspection is generally carried out
when a particular state of mind we wish to study
has passed.
• So it really is RETROSPECTION that we do.

29. How Do Structuralism and
Introspection Relate to
Education

30. "cold",
"crisp",
and
"sweet"