3. Psychology
Psychology is the branch of science, which studies behavior and mental
processes
Educational psychology
According to Crow and Crow, “Educational psychology describes and
explains the learning experiences of an individual from birth through old
age.
4. School of thoughts in psychology:
When psychology was first established as a science separate from
biology and philosophy, the debate over how to describe and explain the
human mind and behavior began. The different schools of psychology
represent the major theories within psychology
5. Structuralism
Structuralism is a theory of consciousness that seeks to analyze the elements of
mental experiences, such as sensations, mental images, and feelings, and how
these elements combine to form more complex experiences.
Wundt was greatly emphasized on the study of components of consciousness,
which is the supposed structure of our mind so, his approach to psychology is
called as structuralism
Example: An example of structuralism is describing an apple. An apple is crisp,
sweet, juicy, round, and hard. Another example of structuralism is describing your
experience at the ocean by saying it is windy, salty, and cold, but rejuvenating.
6. Major Structuralism Thinker
Wilhelm wundt
German philosopher.
Wundt, who noted psychology as a science apart from biology and
philosophy, was the first person to ever call himself a Psychologist .He is
widely regarded as the "father of experimental psychology".
In 1879,Wundt founded the first formal laboratory for psychological
research at the University of Leipzig. This marked psychology as an
independent field of study.
The school of psychology that Wundt began and championed all his life
is referred to as "structuralism“. For this reason, Wundt is often
referred to as the father of structuralism.
7. Continue
wundt came to be one of the most important in the history of psychology,
Principles of Physiological Psychology in 1874. This was the first textbook that was
written pertaining to the field of psychology
wundt broke Consciousness into two categories (Objective sensation and
Subjective feeling
Objective sensation
Such as sight and taste were assumed to reflect the outside world
Subjective feeling
Were thoughts to include emotional response and mental images
8. Wundt emphasize the study of
consciousness and its components
Consciousness
, it represents a person‟s mind and thoughts .It is the totality in psychology of
sensations, perceptions, ideas, attitudes, and feelings of which an individual or a
group is aware at any given time or within a given time span .Your conscious
experiences are constantly shifting and changing
Sensation
Sensation refers to sensing our environment through touch, taste, sight, sound, and
smell (the 5 senses). Sensation is something you fee
9. Perception:
. Perception occurs when your brain gets involved, and you assimilate what you
sense into an experience. perception is something you see.
Sensation couldn't exist without perception and perception couldn't exist without
sensation . They're not the same but they're related. e.g ,you can feel the piece of
paper and you can see it
Thoughts
Thought can refer to the ideas or arrangements of ideas that result from thinking,
Idea
An idea is usually generated with intent, but can also be created unintentionally. Ideas
often form during brainstorming sessions or through discussions.
10. Introspection method:
(experimental selfobservation) as the tool for gathering data.
Introspection is examination of one „s own conscious thoughts and feelings. In
psychology , the process of introspection relies exclusively on observation of
one's mental state, while in a spiritual context, it may refer to the examination of
one's soul. Introspection is closely related to human selfreflection and is contrasted
with external observation
11. Edward B, Titchener
Titchener was a student of Wundt.
Titchener “Americanized” Wundt’s experimental psychology
. Translated “Principles of Physiological Psychology” into English.
Develop structuralism based on the ideas or concepts of his teacher
He and his teacher both tried to describe the structure of mind with the
help of introspection method
. As one of Wundt's students, Titchener is perhaps best remembered for
establish in the school of thought known as structuralism
12. Merits
Cheapest and most economical method
•No need of apparatus or laboratory
•Can be used anytime anywhere.
•Easiest and readily available to individual
•Only method which helps a person to know and discover own feelings and
emotions
•This method gradually led to the development of more objective methods
13. Limitations
It can only used ab adults not child
It need highly trained and skilled worker
In introspection mind studies its own working but actually mind can not accurately
study itself.
EXAMPLE When one is in fear/ anger he can not study his mind. After a while
when anger disappears he can study his min
