Gestalt school of thought

1. Gestaltism Presented By
Rustam
Intellectual Youth Wing

2. Schools and Perspectives in Psychology
• Structuralism
• Functionalism
• Behaviorism
• Gestaltism
• Psychodynamic
• Biological Perspective
• Cognitive Perspective
• Existential Perspective
• Humanistic Perspective
• Cultural Perspective
• Islamic Perspective

3. Gestalt School Of thought
• Gestalt is a German word which means total or as a whole.
• Max wertheimer, Kurt koffka and Kohler founded gestalt psychology
• It is totally against the structuralism school
• “As a Whole is greater than parts
• Any Phenomena should be perceived in overall form

4. Contribution of Founders
• Kurt koffka wrote a book “ Principles of Gestalt Psychology”
• Max wertheimer, wrote a book Productive thinking and presented Phi
Phenomina Concept
• Two closely places Objects seem Moving themselves at high frequency
• Zigernik effect by Bluma Zigernik Russian Lady
• An Interrupted task in better memorized because of the tension of being
unfinished
• Kohler Chimpanzee insight Experiment
• Gestalt also Known as ‘Theory of insight’

5. Chimpanzee Insight Experiment By Kohler

6. Gestalt Perceptual Organization
• “The Whole Is Greater From The Sum Of Its Parts’’
• Gestalt psychologists developed a set of principles to explain
perceptual organization, or how smaller objects are grouped to form
larger ones.
• These principles are referred to as the "gestalt laws of perceptual
organization.“
• Here are 7 Gestalt Laws or Principles of Perceptual organization

7. Gestalt laws of perceptual organization
• Figure-ground
• Law of Similarity
• Law of Proximity
• Law of Common Fate
• Law of Continuity
• Law of Closure
• Law of Focal point

8. Figure-Ground Relationship
 According to this principle, we tend to segment our visual world into
figure and ground.
 Figure is the object or person that is the focus of the visual field, while
the ground is the background.

9. Law of Similarity
 Similarity occurs when objects look similar to one another. People often
perceive them as a group or pattern.

10. Law of Proximity
 According to the law of proximity, things that are near each other seem
to be grouped together.

11. Law of Common Fate
 “Elements that move in the same direction are perceived as more related
than elements that are stationary or that move in different directions.”

12. Law Of Continuity
 The law of continuity suggests that we are more likely to perceive
continuous, smooth flowing lines rather than jagged, broken line.

13. Law of Closure
 According to the law of closure, “things are grouped together if they
seem to complete some entity”

15. Law of Focal Point
• The focal point principle states that whatever stands out visually will
capture and hold the viewer’s attention first.

16. ACTIVITY

17. Thanks