Freud proposed 5 psychosexual stages of development: 1) Oral stage focuses on mouth from birth to 1.5 years 2) Anal stage focuses on anus from 1.5-3 years 3) Phallic stage focuses on genitals from 3-6 years bringing Oedipus/Electra complexes 4) Latency stage from 6 years to puberty where sexual energy is redirected 5) Genital stage from puberty through life where adult sexuality forms Fixation in a stage can result from over- or under-gratification leading to problematic behaviors.

1. PSYCHOSEXUAL
STAGES
OF
DEVELOPMENT

3. Nadeem Shoukat
MS Clinical Psychology

4. PSYCHOSEXUAL
STAGES
OF
DEVELOPMENT

5. Outline
1. Psychosexual stages introduction
2. Fixation
3. erogenous zones
4. Five Psychosexual Stages
5. Easy way to memorize stages

6. Psychosexual Stages of Development
• Psychosexual stages were given by Sigmund Freud.
• According to him, personality is mostly established by the age of five.
Early experiences play a large role in personality development and
continue to influence behavior later in life.
• Freud believed that personality develops through a series of
childhood stages during which the pleasure-seeking energies of the Id
become focused on certain erogenous areas. This psychosexual
energy, or libido (sex drive), was described as the driving force behind
behavior.

7. Fixation
• Fixation is the psychoanalytic defense mechanism that occurs when
the individual remains locked in an earlier developmental stage
because needs are under- or over-gratified.
• This means the child would show continued attachment to an old
stage even after moving on to a new one as per his/her age.
• This results into problematic behavior patterns

8. Erogenous Zones
According to Freud, Erogenous zones are
parts of the body that have especially strong
pleasure-giving qualities at particular stages
of development. These parts/zones of the
body are sensitive to touch, like mouth, anus,
and genitals Which are referred to as
erogenous zones.

9. Psychosexual Stages
1. The Oral Stage - (Birth to 18 months)
2. The Anal Stage - (18 months to 3 years)
3. The Phallic Stage - (3 to 6 years)
4. The Latent Stage - (6 years to puberty)
5. The Genital Stage - (Puberty on)

10. 1. Oral Stage
In this phase individual showed his satisfaction through mouth like drinking
and sucking. Mother is the only object that provides satisfaction. Whenever
child feels alone or insecure himself he began to cry or suck something, it
may be his own thumb or parts of his clothes. Unsatisfaction in this stage can
lead the individual inhabit of sucking thumb and nail all the time or
whenever anxious.
Fixation at this stage
• Overeating or Pessimism
• Smoking
• Envy
• Suspicion
• Dependency
• Passivity

11. 2. Anal Stage
1. In this phase parents gives toilet training to children.
2. If parents are too strict or begin toilet training too early, Freud
believed that an anal-retentive personality develops in which the
individual is
• Stringent
• Orderly
• Obsessive
3. If parents take an approach that is too lenient, Freud suggested
that an anal-expulsive personality could develop in which the
individual is
• Messy
• Wasteful
• destructive
Anal-retentive personality Anal-expulsive personality

12. 3. Phallic Stage
In this stage libidinal energy focused on biological sex organs. Object of
libidinal desire is parents of opposite sex. Following phenomena occurs in this
stage as a result of realization of sex in children.
Oedipus Complex: In this complex boys become much attached to their
mothers and develop negative attitude and feeling of jealousy towards fathers.
The child also fears that he will be punished by the father for these feelings, a
fear Freud termed castration anxiety.
Electra Complex: In this complex girls start loving with their fathers and
develop negative attitude and feeling towards their mothers.
Fixation at this stage
• Reckless or afraid of love
• Narcissistic
• Self-Assured or Selfish
• Poor Opposite sex relationships

13. 4. Latency Stage
• At this stage, sexual drive lay dormant. The stage begins around the
time that children enter into school and become more concerned
with peer relationships, hobbies and other interests.
• Sexual energy is still present, but it is directed into other areas such as
intellectual pursuits and social interactions.
• This stage is important in the development of social and
communication skills and self-confidence.
Fixation at this stage
A sign of fixation in this stage is a lack of close friends.

14. 5. Genital Stage
The genital stage commences at puberty and continuous throughout the
remaining of adult life. Sexual attraction, Socialization, Group activities,
Vocational planning and preparation of marrying and raising family. The
person transformed from a pleasure seeking infant into a reality oriented,
socialized adult.
Fixation at this stage
• Guilt about sexuality
• Feelings of inadequacy
• Poor sexual relationships
• Anxious feelings regarding the opposite sex

15. Easy Way to Memorize Psychosexual Stages
Ser Stage Mnemonic
1. Oral Old
2. Anal Age
3. Phallic Parents
4. Latency Love
5. Genital Grapes

16. Message to all viewers
"‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫چ‬‫دل‬‫کا‬‫پ‬‫آ‬‫و‬‫ج‬‫وہ‬‫کرو‬ ‫گر‬‫م‬‫کی‬ ‫ب‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ن‬ُ‫س‬‫ے‬"
Nadeem Shoukat
Clinical Psychologist

17. THANKS
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