SIGMUND FREUD PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT AND PARTS OF HUMAN PERSONALITY

PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES
OF DEVELOPMENT
AND
PARTS OF HUMAN
PERSONALITY
BY SIGMUND FREUD
By: ROMMEL LUIS C. ISRAEL III

• May 6, 1856 - September 23, 1939
• an Austrian neurologist
• A Psychiatrist
• His theories on child sexuality,
Libido and the ego, among other topics,
were some of the most influential academic
concepts of the 20th century.
• EDUCATION: zUniversity of Vienna
• BIRTH PLACE: Freiberg, Moravia, Austrian Empire
• PLACE OF DEATH: London, England
• ORIGINALLY: Sigismund Schlomo Freud
Reference: Editors, Biography .com (2019). Sigmund Freud Biography. Retrieved February 23, 2020, from
https://www.biography.com/scholar/sigmund-freud.
Image from: https://i.ytimg.com/vi/nDSe4i9UQTo/maxresdefault.jpg

PARTS OF HUMAN PERSONALITY
A pre-requisite introduction to and basic part of this
Presentation of Psychosexual Stages Of Development.

3 SEPARATE AND INTERACTING PARTS
OF THE HUMAN PERSONALITY
ACCORDING TO FREUD
1. Id
2.Ego
3.Superego
Reference: Vinney, Cynthia (2019). Freud: Id, Ego, And
Superego Explained. Retrieved February 23, 2020, from
https://www.thoughtco.com/id-ego-and-superego-
4582342.
Image from:
https://frenchiefrenchgirl.files.wordpress.com/2017/09/idego
superego.jpg

ID
• The first part of the personality to emerge
• Present at birth
• Runs on pure instinct, desire, and need.
• It is entirely unconscious and encompasses the
most primitive part of the personality, including
basic biological drives and reflexes.
Reference: Vinney, Cynthia (2019). Freud: Id, Ego, And Superego Explained. Retrieved February 23, 2020, from
https://www.thoughtco.com/id-ego-and-superego-4582342.

ID
• It is motivated by the pleasure principle
• It wants to gratify all impulses immediately
• Newborns’ behavior is driven by the id—they are
concerned only with meeting their needs.
• This id remains throughout life.

ID
• It remains infantile and never considers reality
• As a result, it remains illogical and selfish
This is why the ego and the superego develop to
keep the id in check.

EGO
• It arises from the id
• Its job is to acknowledge and deal with reality,
ensuring that the id’s impulses are reigned in and
expressed in ways that are socially acceptable.
• It operates from the reality principle, which works to
satisfy the id’s desires in the most reasonable and
realistic ways
- by delaying gratification, compromising, or
anything else that will avoid the negative
consequences of going against society’s
norms and rules.
Reference: Vinney, Cynthia (2019). Freud: Id, Ego, And Superego Explained. Retrieved February 23, 2020, from https://www.thoughtco.com/id-ego-and-
superego-4582342.

EGO
• The ego’s consideration of reality is conscious
• It may also keep forbidden desires hidden by
unconsciously repressing them
• Much of the ego’s functioning is also
preconscious, it happens below awareness but
takes little effort to bring those thoughts into
consciousness
• functions like judgment, regulation, and control.

SUPEREGO
• Final part of the personality
• Emerges between the ages of 3 and 5,
• It is the phallic stage in Freud’s stages of
psychosexual development.
• It is the moral compass of the personality, upholding
a sense of right and wrong
-These values are initially learned from
parents, and the superego continues to grow
them over time, enabling one to adopt moral
standards from other people they admire
Reference: Vinney, Cynthia (2019). Freud: Id, Ego, And Superego Explained. Retrieved February 23, 2020, from https://www.thoughtco.com/id-
ego-and-superego-4582342.

SUPEREGO
• It attempts to get the ego to go beyond realistic
standards and aspire to moralistic ones.
• Consists of two components:
1. the conscious
2. the ego ideal.

SUPEREGO
CONSCIOUS SUPEREGO
- forbids unacceptable behaviors and punishes
with feelings of guilt when a person does
something they shouldn’t.
EGO IDEAL
- also called the “ideal self”
- includes the rules and standards of good behavior
one should adhere to. If one is successful in doing
so, it leads to feelings of pride.
Reference: Vinney, Cynthia (2019). Freud: Id, Ego, And Superego Explained. Retrieved February 23, 2020, from https://www.thoughtco.com/id-
ego-and-superego-4582342.

SUPEREGO
• controls the id and its impulses towards societal
taboos, like sex and aggression
• It attempts to get the ego to go beyond realistic
standards and aspire to moralistic ones.

EGO AS THE MEDIATOR
BETWEEN ID AND SUPEREGO
• The ego must determine how to meet the needs of
the id, while upholding social reality and the
moral standards of the superego.
- this mediating process safeguards the balance
between id, ego, and superego

DOMINANT ID
PERSONALITY
• They may act on impulses without considering
the rules of society
• This can cause them to spin out of control and
even lead to legal troubles.

DOMINANT SUPEREGO
PERSONALITY
• the person can become:
- rigidly moralistic
(negatively judging anyone who doesn’t
meet their standards)

DOMINANT EGO PERSONALITY
• They are so tied to the rules and norms of society
- they become inflexible
- unable to deal with change
- incapable of coming to a personal concept
of right and wrong.

STAGES OF PSYCHOSEXUAL
DEVELOPMENT

5 STAGES OF PSYCHOSEXUAL
DEVELOPMENT
1. Oral
2. Anal
3. Phallic
4. Latent
5. Genital
Reference: Cherry, Kendra (2019). Freud’s Psychosexual Stages Of Development. Retrieved February 22, 2020,
from https://www.verywellmind.com/freuds-stages-of-psychosexual-development-2795962.

OVERVIEW OF THE PSYCHOSEXUAL
STAGES BY FREUD
• personality is developed through a series of childhood
stages in which the pleasure-seeking energies of the id
become focused on certain erogenous areas
Reference: Cherry, Kendra (2019). Freud’s Psychosexual Stages Of Development. Retrieved February 22, 2020, from
https://www.verywellmind.com/freuds-stages-of-psychosexual-development-2795962.

STAGES BY FREUD
• The erogenous zone is characterized as an area of the
body that is particularly sensitive to stimulation.
• The erogenous zone associated with each psychosexual
stage serves as a source of pleasure.

STAGES BY FREUD
• If these psychosexual stages are completed successfully, it
results in a healthy personality
• If certain issues are not resolved at the appropriate stage,
fixations can occur.
Fixation is a persistent focus on an earlier psychosexual
stage. Until this conflict is resolved, the individual will remain
"stuck" in this stage.

STAGES BY FREUD
Example of Fixation:
A A person who is fixated at the oral stage,
- may be over-dependent on others
- may seek oral stimulation through smoking,
drinking, or eating.

STAGES BY FREUD
LIBIDO
• described as the driving force behind behavior.
• It is the psychosexual energy

THE ORAL STAGE
Age Range: Birth to 1 Year
Erogenous Zone: Mouth
Mouth is the infant's primary source of interaction
Rooting and sucking reflex is especially important.
The infant derives pleasure from oral stimulation
through gratifying activities such as tasting and sucking.
The child develops a sense of trust and comfort through
this oral stimulation.

THE ORAL STAGE
WEANING PROCESS
 is where the primary conflict happens
the child must become less dependent upon caretakers.
individual would have issues with dependency or
aggression if fixation occurs at this stage.

THE ORAL STAGE
ORAL FIXATION
- results in problems with
drinking
eating
smoking
nail-biting

THE ANAL STAGEAge Range: 1 to 3 years
Erogenous Zone: Bowel and
Bladder Control
primary focus of the libido
was on controlling bladder
and bowel movements
Reference: Cherry, Kendra (2019). Freud’s Psychosexual Stages Of
Development. Retrieved February 22, 2020, from
https://www.verywellmind.com/freuds-stages-of-psychosexual-
development-2795962.
Image from: http://www.vkmaheshwari.com/WP/wp-
content/uploads/2013/09/st2.jpg

THE ANAL STAGE
The major conflict at this stage is toilet training
the child has to learn to control his or her bodily
needs.
Developing this control leads to a sense of
accomplishment and independence
success at this stage is dependent upon the way in
which parents approach toilet training.

THE ANAL STAGE
POSITIVE EXPERIENCE DURING TOILET TRAINING:
Parents uses praise and rewards for the child to use
the toilet at the appropriate time
Served as the basis for people to become adults that
are
competent
productive
creative
.Reference: Cherry, Kendra (2019). Freud’s Psychosexual Stages Of Development. Retrieved February 22, 2020, from

THE ANAL STAGE
NEGATIVE EXPERIENCE DURING TOILET TRAINING:
Parent’s approach is too lenient
An anal-expulsive personality could develop in which
the individual has a personality that is
messy
wasteful
destructive

THE ANAL STAGE
NEGATIVE EXPERIENCE DURING TOILET TRAINING:
parents are too strict or begin toilet training too early
an anal-retentive personality develops such as being
stringent
orderly
rigid
obsessive

THE PHALLIC STAGE
Age Range: 3 to 6 Years
Erogenous Zone: Genitals
the primary focus of the libido is on the genitals
children begin to discover the differences between males
and females.

THE PHALLIC STAGE
OEDIPUS COMPLEX
boys begin to view their fathers as
a rival for the mother’s affections
feelings of wanting to possess the
mother and the desire to replace the
father
the child fears that he will be
punished by the father for these
feelings, a fear Freud termed
“castration anxiety”
Reference: Cherry, Kendra (2019). Freud’s Psychosexual Stages Of Development. Retrieved
February 22, 2020, from https://www.verywellmind.com/freuds-stages-of-psychosexual-
development-2795962.
Image from:
https://www.verywellmind.com/thmb/8EXHG1X6CIFzGLajK6sEJIAvmuI=/400x250/filters:no_
upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/2795403-what-is-an-oedipal-complex-
5b1a8f333418c60036846f05.png

THE PHALLIC STAGE
ELEKTRA COMPLEX
Girls begin to view their mothers as a
rival for the father’s affections.
feelings of wanting to possess the
father
Freud believed that girls experience
“penis envy”
For girls, Freud believed that “penis
envy” was never fully resolved and that
all women remain somewhat fixated on
this stage.
Reference: Cherry, Kendra (2019). Freud’s Psychosexual Stages Of Development.
Retrieved February 22, 2020, from https://www.verywellmind.com/freuds-stages-of-
psychosexual-development-2795962.
IMAGE FROM: https://pixfeeds.com/images/parenting/parenting/1200-172226414-
happy-family.jpg

THE LATENT PERIOD
Age Range: 6 to Puberty
Erogenous Zone: Sexual Feelings
Are Inactive
the superego continues to
develop
the id's energies are suppressed
Children develop social skills,
values and relationships with
peers and adults outside of the
family.
Reference: Cherry, Kendra (2019). Freud’s Psychosexual Stages Of Development.
Retrieved February 22, 2020, from https://www.verywellmind.com/freuds-stages-of-

THE LATENT STAGE
The development of ego and super ego contribute to this
period of calm.
It is a time of exploration
the sexual energy is present but dormant, it is
sublimated into other areas such as intellectual pursuits
and social interactions.
This stage is important in the development of social and
communication skills and self-confidence.

THE LATENT STAGE
LATENT FIXATION
can result in
immaturity
inability to form
fulfilling
relationships
as an adult.
Reference: Cherry, Kendra (2019). Freud’s Psychosexual Stages
Of Development. Retrieved February 22, 2020, from
https://www.verywellmind.com/freuds-stages-of-
Images from: https://completewellbeing.com/wp-
content/uploads/2017/11/10-signs-emotional-immaturity-
adults-n.jpg
http://www.howtogetbacktomyex.com/wp-
content/uploads/2018/01/advice_on_grieving_forgiving_learni

THE GENITAL STAGE
Age Range: Puberty to Death
Erogenous Zone: Maturing Sexual Interests
puberty causes the libido to become active once again
the individual develops a strong sexual interest in the
opposite sex. This stage begins during puberty but last
throughout the rest of a person's life.

THE GENITAL STAGE
Earlier stages focus solely on individual needs while
interest in the welfare of others grows during this
stage.
Goal of this stage:
to establish a balance between the various life
areas

THE GENITAL STAGE
the ego and superego were fully formed and
functioning at this point
Younger children are ruled by the id which demands
immediate satisfaction of the most basic needs and
wants
Teens are able to balance their most basic urges
against the need to conform to the demands of reality
and social norms.

SCIENTIFIC AND FEMINIST CRITIQUES
ON THE PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGE
The theory is focused almost entirely on male
development with little mention of female
psychosexual development.
His theories are difficult to test scientifically.
Concepts such as the libido are impossible to
measure, and therefore cannot be tested. The
research that has been conducted tends to discredit
Freud's theory.

Future predictions are too vague. How can we know that
a current behavior was caused specifically by a
childhood experience? The length of time between the
cause and the effect is too long to assume that there is a
relationship between the two variables.
Freud's theory is based upon case studies and not
empirical research. Also, Freud based his theory on the
recollections of his adult patients, not on actual
observation and study of children.

theory focuses primarily on heterosexual development, and
largely ignores homosexual development
- Freud's theory suggested that heterosexual preferences
represent the "normal" outcome of development and
suggested that homosexual preferences represented
deviation of this process.
.Reference: Cherry,Kendra (2019). Freud’s Psychosexual Stages Of Development. Retrieved February 22, 2020, from https://www.verywellmind.com/
freuds-stages-of-psychosexual-development-2795962.

FREUD ON HOMOSEXUALITY
Freud says:
"...it cannot be classified as an illness; we
consider it to be
a variation of the sexual function, produced by a
certain
arrest of sexual development.“

REFERENCES
Cherry, Kendra (2019). Freud’s Psychosexual Stages Of Development. Retrieved
February 22, 2020, from https://www.verywellmind.com/freuds-stages-of-
Vinney, Cynthia (2019). Freud: Id, Ego, And Superego Explained. Retrieved February 23,
2020, from https://www.thoughtco.com/id-ego-and-superego-4582342.
Editors, Biography .com (2019). Sigmund Freud Biography. Retrieved February 23,
2020, from https://www.biography.com/scholar/sigmund-freud.

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SIGMUND FREUD PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT AND PARTS OF HUMAN PERSONALITY